A review on alkali-activated slag concrete

Amer, Ismail; Kohail, Mohamed; El-Feky, M.S.; Rashad, Ahmed; Khalaf, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.asej.2020.12.003

Cited by 136 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…After 14 days of curing in water, most AASC samples showed a high compressive strength, where more than 44 MPa is considerable. This agrees well with previous findings [47], as reposted by [48], that AASC has a rapid development of compressive strength at early ages [49]. Gruskovnjak et al reported that a faster strength development of ASSC compared with OPC is owed to a thin protective layer that covers the unhydrated slag grain systems.…”

Section: Compressive Strength Of Aasc Samples Before Acid Exposuresupporting

confidence: 93%

“…According to the literature, when the NaOH or KOH molarities are increased and the other parameters are the same, a higher compressive strength is achieved for all ages [52]. This can be related to the higher alkalinity of the AASC brought about by the increase in molarity, leading to the formation of more hydration products [49,53]. Fang et al reported that the increase of NaOH from 10 to 12 led to a 23% increase in compressive strength [54].…”

Section: Compressive Strength Of Aasc Samples Before Acid Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that AASC has a calcium (aluminate) silicate (C-(A)-S-H) hydrate structure similar to the OPC hydration products, but with a lower ratio of Ca/Si compared with OPC concrete [49]. The chemical and physical characteristics of slag (Na 2 O content in NaOH and silicate module (SiO 2 /Na 2 O) in Na 2 SiO 3 ) are other factors that can negatively or positively impact the durability of AASC [49]. In this study, the amount of CaO in the slag (Table 1) was about half of the CaO amount in the Portland cement.…”

Section: Comparison Of Opc Concrete and Aasc In Hcl Acid Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mix Design Effects on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete in a Hydrochloric Acid Environment

2021

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Because of its high strength, energy reduction, and low environmental impact, researchers have encouraged considering alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) as a potential alternative to conventional concrete. In this study, the impact of mix design parameters on the durability of AASC, made with ground granulated blast furnace slag and activated with different alkaline solutions (NaOH, KOH, and Na2SiO3) immersed up to six months in a hydrochloric acid bath with pH = 3, has been investigated. A total of 13 mix designs were made in a way that, in addition to the type of alkaline solution, considered three other parameters, namely the molarity of alkaline solutions, the weight ratio of alkaline solutions to slag, and the weight ratio of alkaline solutions to sodium silicate. Visual inspections displayed that the AASC samples almost remained intact after exposure to an HCl acid solution with pH = 3 for up to 6 months, while the OPC sample experienced deleterious deterioration. The results clearly show that AASC outperformed OPC concrete when it comes to durability in an HCl acid solution. The strength reduction and weight loss of AASC compared with OPC concrete were approximately one-tenth and one-fifth, respectively. The AASC samples containing potassium hydroxide showed a higher strength reduction and weight loss in the HCl acid solution than the samples made with sodium hydroxide.

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Section: Compressive Strength Of Aasc Samples Before Acid Exposuresupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Compressive Strength Of Aasc Samples Before Acid Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Opc Concrete and Aasc In Hcl Acid Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mix Design Effects on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete in a Hydrochloric Acid Environment

2021

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“…Therefore, the research work of the team included efforts to use a solid activator in the form of sodium metasilicate. This material has a silicate modulus value of 1, so in terms of workability [31,32] it is an ideal activator, because previous research has shown that the optimal value of silicate modulus is in the range of 1-2, with increasing value significantly decreases workability time. [29,30] One of the essential steps in alkali activation is to determine the optimal amount of activator required for alkali activation of slag, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of the composite together with the amount of Na2O are also affected by the silicate modulus. According to [32] in the case of low values of the introduced Na2O, it results in lower strength; In the case of the performed experiments, a basic value of 4.2 wt.% Na2O, per 100 g of slag was chosen. This value was determined on the basis of the composition of the blast furnace granulated slag as an optimum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Diffraction of Alkali-Activated Materials with CBPD

Vojvodíková¹,

Procházka²,

Boháčová³

2021

Preprint

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Alkali-activated materials are alternative building binders, where secondary raw materials are processed. Possibility to use landfilled waste materials in their preparation, increases their potential application in construction practice, and therefore they are subject to extensive research, especially in recent years. This paper briefly summarizes interesting results of an experiment aimed at verifying the possibility of applying cement by-pass dust (CBPD) in the preparation of alkali-activated materials. The research work was focused on the possibilities of using these wastes for the preparation of small elements of garden architecture. The paper briefly evaluates in particular the results of X-ray diffraction, which were subjected to three types of binder pastes differing in the amount of used activator. In the experiment, a mixture of blast furnace granulated slag, fly ash and cement by-pass dust was alkali activated with sodium metasilicate.

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Compressive and tensile behaviour of alkali‐activated slag‐based concrete incorporating single hooked‐end steel fibres

Rossi,

Patel,

Dehn

2023

ce papers

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The effect of single hooked‐end steel fibres, namely Dramix® 3D, on the mechanical performance of alkali‐activated slag‐based concrete (AASC) and Portland cement concrete (PCC) has been investigated. Compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, stress‐strain response under uniaxial compression and tension, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength have been evaluated. The experimental results show that AASC incorporating 3D fibres in a volume fraction of 0.75% exhibits an enhanced behaviour, under both compression and tension, in comparison to PCC incorporating the same fibre type and dosage. Although the reference mixes show similar compressive strength, 3D fibres enhance the modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of AASC of 8.6%, 61.7% and 12.8%, respectively, while for PCC 1.1%, 42.2% and 16.1%, respectively. Three‐point bending tests show the effect of 3D fibres on the response of AASC and PCC under flexural loading. Although fibres have a limited effect on the strength corresponding to the limit of proportionality (LOP), they enhance the post‐peak behaviour, increasing the residual flexural strength and the material ductility. Finite element analysis has been performed to predict the flexural behaviour of steel fibre‐reinforced AASC (FRAASC) under flexural loading. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model implemented in ABAQUS software can predict the flexural response of FRAASC quite accurately, although additional experimental data are needed to calibrate the model for different alkali‐activated matrix types.

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A review on alkali-activated slag concrete

Cited by 136 publications

References 127 publications

Mix Design Effects on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete in a Hydrochloric Acid Environment

Mix Design Effects on the Durability of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete in a Hydrochloric Acid Environment

X-ray Diffraction of Alkali-Activated Materials with CBPD

Compressive and tensile behaviour of alkali‐activated slag‐based concrete incorporating single hooked‐end steel fibres

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