2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2014.03.004
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A review of water use in the U.S. electric power sector: insights from systems-level perspectives

Abstract: Thermoelectric power production comprised 41% of total freshwater withdrawals in the U.S., surpassing even agriculture. This review highlights scenarios of the electric sector's future demands for water, including scenarios that limit both CO 2 and water availability. A number of studies show withdrawals decreasing with retirement of existing electricity generating units. Consumption, the evaporative losses, also decreases in many scenarios. However, climate mitigation scenarios relying heavily on nuclear and … Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(24 citation statements)
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References 48 publications
(45 reference statements)
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“…The growing tension between water availability and reliable power generation has inspired a growing number of studies to investigate the interactions between power sector development and water resources at different spatial scales. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A series of recent analyses have evaluated the power-water nexus in China. Zhang et al [16] evaluated water stress of thermoelectric power generation at river basin level based on a high spatial resolution water use inventory of China"s power sector.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The growing tension between water availability and reliable power generation has inspired a growing number of studies to investigate the interactions between power sector development and water resources at different spatial scales. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A series of recent analyses have evaluated the power-water nexus in China. Zhang et al [16] evaluated water stress of thermoelectric power generation at river basin level based on a high spatial resolution water use inventory of China"s power sector.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The suggestion is also useful for America. In the U.S., thermoelectric power production comprised 41% of total freshwater withdrawals, surpassing even agriculture [32].…”
Section: Energy Consumption In Water Industrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The consumption intensity depends on weather conditions and on the shape of the reservoir, and it can be higher than other power generation technologies, which is recognised by the International Energy Agency (IEA) [30], Mekonnen and Hoekstra's [31] work on water footprinting, and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) work on the economic impacts of the Land-Water-Energy Nexus [32]. Estimating these evaporative losses and attributing them to hydroelectricity or other uses is a major issue [33] and there is no commonly accepted methodology for it [34]. Also, apart from evaporation, there are other losses as well and namely seepage losses through the porous geology underlying hydroelectric reservoirs.…”
Section: Literature Review On Unsolved Aspects Of the Problemmentioning
confidence: 99%