A Review of the Phenotypic Traits Associated with Insect Dispersal Polymorphism, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes

Renault, David

doi:10.3390/insects11040214

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 190 publications

(228 reference statements)

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“…Density-dependent selection is predicted to favour good dispersers colonising new habitat patches, where they encounter much lower intraspecific competition, resulting in increased fecundity and intrinsic growth rates at the range edge. Dispersal in insects, of which flight performance is a key component, may be affected by several factors including morphological, physiological, metabolic, and behavioural traits (Betts & Wootton, 1988;Berwaerts, Van Dyck & Aerts, 2002;Niitepõld et al, 2009;Flockhart et al, 2017;Renault, 2020). Thorax size (highly correlated to whole body size) is a widely accepted measure of dispersal ability in Lepidoptera as it indicates flight muscle investment Hill, Thomas & Lewis, 1999;Berwaerts, Van Dyck & Aerts, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing morphological responses to latitude and colonisation in a range expanding butterfly

Taylor-Cox

Macgregor

Corthine

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Populations undergoing rapid climate-driven range expansion experience distinct selection regimes dominated both by increased dispersal at the leading edges and steep environmental gradients. Characterisation of traits associated with such expansions provides insight into the selection pressures and evolutionary constraints that shape demographic and evolutionary responses. Here we investigate patterns in three components of wing morphology (size, shape, colour) often linked to dispersal ability and thermoregulation, along latitudinal gradients of range expansion in the Speckled Wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria) in Britain (two regions of expansion in England and Scotland). We measured 774 males from 54 sites spanning 799 km with a 10-year mean average temperature gradient of 4 °C. A geometric morphometric method was used to investigate variation in size and shape of forewings and hindwings; colour, pattern, and contrast of the wings were examined using a measure of lightness (inverse degree of melanism). Overall, wing size increased with latitude by ∼2% per 100 km, consistent with Bergmann’s rule. Forewings became more rounded and hindwings more elongated with history of colonisation, possibly reflecting selection for increased dispersal ability. Contrary to thermal melanism expectations, wing colour was lighter where larvae developed at cooler temperatures and unrelated to long-term temperature. Changes in wing spot pattern were also detected. High heterogeneity in variance among sites for all of the traits studied may reflect evolutionary time-lags and genetic drift due to colonisation of new habitats. Our study suggests that temperature-sensitive plastic responses for size and colour interact with selection for dispersal traits (wing size and shape). Whilst the plastic and evolutionary responses may in some cases act antagonistically, the rapid expansion of P. aegeria implies an overall reinforcing effect between these two mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing morphological responses to latitude and colonisation in a range expanding butterfly

Taylor-Cox

Macgregor

Corthine

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Habitat connectedness is a key influence on dispersal performance in insects 83 , 84 . In particular, a lower landscape permeability in between two patches can restrict geographic expansion in insects 85 . In this context, large rivers or areas of non-vegetated coastline appeared to have acted at least temporarily as local geographical barriers to the spread of M. soledadinus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seashorementioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on the invasion of a carabid beetle on an oceanic island over a 105-year period

Lebouvier

Lambret

Garnier

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The flightless beetle Merizodus soledadinus, native to the Falkland Islands and southern South America, was introduced to the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in the early Twentieth Century. Using available literature data, in addition to collecting more than 2000 new survey (presence/absence) records of M. soledadinus over the 1991–2018 period, we confirmed the best estimate of the introduction date of M. soledadinus to the archipelago, and tracked subsequent changes in its abundance and geographical distribution. The range expansion of this flightless insect was initially slow, but has accelerated over the past 2 decades, in parallel with increased local abundance. Human activities may have facilitated further local colonization by M. soledadinus, which is now widespread in the eastern part of the archipelago. This predatory insect is a major threat to the native invertebrate fauna, in particular to the endemic wingless flies Anatalanta aptera and Calycopteryx moseleyi which can be locally eliminated by the beetle. Our distribution data also suggest an accelerating role of climate change in the range expansion of M. soledadinus, with populations now thriving in low altitude habitats. Considering that no control measures, let alone eradication, are practicable, it is essential to limit any further local range expansion of this aggressively invasive insect through human assistance. This study confirms the crucial importance of long term biosurveillance for the detection and monitoring of non-native species and the timely implementation of control measures.

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“…It would be possible to include these e.g. by implementing a tradeoff between resource allocation to either reproduction and dispersal (as described in Saglam et al 2008, Burton et al 2010, Guerra 2011, Matsumura and Miyatake 2018, Renault 2020). However, certain dispersal costs are already included in our simulations via the penalization of dispersal by a mortality cost and especially the local maladaptedness of dispersers in the new habitat often enough resulting in the reduction of the number of offspring for dispersing individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

Sieger

Hovestadt

2020

Oikos

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In the face of ongoing global climate and land use change, organisms have multiple possibilities to cope with the modification of their environment. The two main possibilities are to either adapt locally or disperse to a more suitable habitat. The evolution of both local adaptation and dispersal interacts and can be influenced by the spatial and temporal variation (of e.g. temperature or precipitation). In an individual based model (IBM), we explore evolution of phenotypes in landscapes with varying degree of spatial relative to global temporal variation in order to examine its influence on the evolution of dispersal, niche optimum and niche width. The relationship between temporal and spatial variation did neither influence the evolution of local adaptation in the niche optimum nor of niche widths. Dispersal probability is highly influenced by the spatio‐temporal relationship: with increasing spatial variation, dispersal probability decreases. Additionally, the shape of the distribution of the trait values over patch attributes switches from hump‐ to U‐shaped. At low spatial variance more individuals emigrate from average habitats, at high spatial variance more from extreme habitats. The comparatively high dispersal probability in extreme patches of landscapes with a high spatial variation can be explained by evolutionary succession of two kinds of adaptive response. Early in the simulations, extreme patches in landscapes with a high spatial variability act as sink habitats, where population persistence depends on highly dispersive individuals with a wide niche. With ongoing evolution, local adaptation of the remaining individuals takes over, but simultaneously a possible bet‐hedging strategy promotes higher dispersal probabilities in those habitats. Here, in generations that experience extreme shifts from the temporal mean of the patch attribute, the expected fitness becomes higher for dispersing individuals than for philopatric individuals. This means that under certain circumstances, both local adaptation and high dispersal probability can be selected for for coping with the projected environmental changes in the future.

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A Review of the Phenotypic Traits Associated with Insect Dispersal Polymorphism, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes

Cited by 33 publications

References 190 publications

Wing morphological responses to latitude and colonisation in a range expanding butterfly

Wing morphological responses to latitude and colonisation in a range expanding butterfly

Spotlight on the invasion of a carabid beetle on an oceanic island over a 105-year period

The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal

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