A review of the performance of geosynthetics for environmental protection

Touze-Foltz, Nathalie; Bannour, Hajer; Barral, Camille; Stoltz, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.05.008

Cited by 63 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Consequently, the GCL water content at excavation might be an indicator of the evolution of transient-state flow rates. In addition, it appears that the GCL 3, that presents the shortest service life between exhumed GCLs, showed the greatest difference in transient-state flow rates between 100 and 400 h when deceasing from 3.44 × 10 −9 m 3 /s at 100 h to 3.01 × 10 −11 m 3 /s at 400 h. Touze Foltz (2012) showed that the mass per unit area of bentonite in GCLs influences the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL. The flow rate for composite liners at 100 and 400 h decreases when the mass per unit area of bentonite exceeds 5.2 kg/m 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered geosynthetic clay liners: effect on the hydraulic performance of composite liners

Bannour¹,

Barral²,

Touze-Foltz³

2015

European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering

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This study evaluates how alteration of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) affects the hydraulic behaviour of a composite liner when the geomembrane presenting a hole is overlying a GCL. Interface transmissivity experiments were performed on GCL specimens that were exhumed from field sites. The results reveal different trends in the flow rates, which decrease differently to their steady state values. The steady state flow rates obtained and the calculated interface transmissivities are of the same order of magnitude as results obtained with a virgin GCL. The transient flow rate results are discussed in relation with the GCLs parameters. Based on these results, a new equation is derived that links interface transmissivity to the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs that have been altered by the environment. Considering large transient flow rates in calculations result in a greater leakage volume penetrating the liner when compared to calculations of infiltrated volumes considering only steady state leakage volume for a period of time of 1, 10 or 30 years. From a practical point of view, this suggests the introduction of a factor of safety of 1.67 when calculating the flow rate in composite liners in order to take into account the alteration by the environment of GCLs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GCLs consist of a thin layer of granular or powdered bentonite encased between two geotextiles that are linked in most cases by needle punching or stitching. Once hydrated and confined, the hydraulic conductivity to water of a GCL is typically less than 5 × l0 −11 m/s (Touze- Foltz, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered geosynthetic clay liners: effect on the hydraulic performance of composite liners

Bannour¹,

Barral²,

Touze-Foltz³

2015

European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering

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“…The flow measurement was first developed in France (Eloy-Giorni 1993;Pelte 1993;Durin et al 1998;Lambert and Touze-Foltz 2000;Touze-Foltz 2012) to quantify flows through GMs that were linked to applications involving a hydraulic gradient. This work led to a French standard and later to a European standard (EN 14150; AFNOR (2006)) for measuring the steady-state liquid flow through GMs.…”

Section: Measurement Of Flow Through Geomembranementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term performance of EPDM geomembrane in El Boquerón reservoir

Noval¹,

Blanco²,

Farcas³

et al. 2014

Geosynthetics International

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El Boquerón reservoir (Canary Islands, northern hemisphere) is waterproofed with an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) geomembrane (GM). To evaluate the durability of EPDM GMs in hydraulic applications, the characteristics of the EPDM GM (resin and additives) installed in the El Boquerón reservoir were followed for over 21 years. The results of this study are presented herein and show that, based on measurements of specimens from the north and south slopes of the reservoir, the orientation of the GM influences its ageing, with the north slope in the coronation or crest area ageing the most rapidly. Over the years, the El Boquerón EPDM GM oxidised, which may be the main cause of crosslinking in the EPDM. In turn, crosslinking could be the mechanism behind some of changes observed in the EPDM GM characteristics over time. In addition, some of the mechanical characteristics of the EPDM GM were influenced by the additives in the formulation; in particular, the loss and oxidation of paraffinic oils. However, despite the age-induced evolution of the mechanical and physicochemical characteristics of the GM, the El Boquerón EPDM GM, after 21 years of exposure, still satisfies the minimum requirements established by French standards for virgin GMs.

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“…In practice, the GCL is installed at the as-rolled moisture condition. To ensure good performance, GCLs need to be hydrated to over 100% in gravimetric water content (Bouazza et al, 2016;Touze-Foltz et al, 2016). The bentonite hydrates by absorbing moisture from the underlying subsoils or compacted clay liner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water retention characteristics of granular and powder bentonites

Tong

Wijaya

Leong

2019

JGS Special Publication

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Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) has become an important component of waste containment system. The GCL is laid at the as-rolled moisture condition in the field and hydrates through absorbing water from the underlying soils or compacted clay liner. The degree of hydration or saturation of the GCL is important as it can affect the performance of the GCL. Thus, the water retention curve (WRC) of GCL is important for understanding the saturation process of the GCL. The GCL consists of a layer of granular sodium bentonite clay sandwiched in between a nonwoven geotextile and a woven geotextile. Test results showed that the geotextiles are fully desaturated when the suction is greater than 2 kPa. Thus, the WRC of GCL over the larger suction range is governed by the bentonite. In this paper, the water retention of commercially available powder bentonite and granular bentonite used in the GCL are determined by direct measurement using tensiometer and indirect measurement using chilled-mirror hygrometer. The implications of the water retention characteristics of the bentonites in a GCL are discussed.

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A review of the performance of geosynthetics for environmental protection

Cited by 63 publications

References 66 publications

Altered geosynthetic clay liners: effect on the hydraulic performance of composite liners

Altered geosynthetic clay liners: effect on the hydraulic performance of composite liners

Long-term performance of EPDM geomembrane in El Boquerón reservoir

Water retention characteristics of granular and powder bentonites

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