A review of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Indian water bodies

Balakrishna, Keshava; Rath, Amlan; Praveenkumarreddy, Yerabham; Guruge, Keerthi S.; Subedi, Bikram

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.014

Cited by 440 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Traces of pharmaceuticals and personal care products have been identified in a variety of freshwater sources, including drinking water [44], groundwater [45], and surface water [45].…”

Section: Emerging Contaminants: Organic Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traces of pharmaceuticals and personal care products have been identified in a variety of freshwater sources, including drinking water [44], groundwater [45], and surface water [45]. Pharmaceuticals can enter the water system from various sources, including direct disposal and human excretion into sewers leading to elevated concentrations of pharmaceuticals in wastewater [46].…”

Section: Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irrigation Water Quality—A Contemporary Perspective

Malakar

Snow

Ray

2019

Water

105

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In the race to enhance agricultural productivity, irrigation will become more dependent on poorly characterized and virtually unmonitored sources of water. Increased use of irrigation water has led to impaired water and soil quality in many areas. Historically, soil salinization and reduced crop productivity have been the primary focus of irrigation water quality. Recently, there is increasing evidence for the occurrence of geogenic contaminants in water. The appearance of trace elements and an increase in the use of wastewater has highlighted the vulnerability and complexities of the composition of irrigation water and its role in ensuring proper crop growth, and long-term food quality. Analytical capabilities of measuring vanishingly small concentrations of biologically-active organic contaminants, including steroid hormones, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, in a variety of irrigation water sources provide the means to evaluate uptake and occurrence in crops but do not resolve questions related to food safety or human health effects. Natural and synthetic nanoparticles are now known to occur in many water sources, potentially altering plant growth and food standard. The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water urgently needs closer attention to understand and predict long-term effects on soils and food crops in an increasingly fresh-water stressed world.

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“…Traces of pharmaceuticals and personal care products have been identified in a variety of freshwater sources, including drinking water [44], groundwater [45], and surface water [45].…”

Section: Emerging Contaminants: Organic Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Water Quality—A Contemporary Perspective

Malakar

Snow

Ray

2019

Water

105

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“…Studies carried out by different researchers on micropollutants in the aquatic environment of India were reviewed by Gani and Kazmi (). Balakrishna, Rath, Praveenkumarreddy, Guruge, and Subedi () reviewed the studies on the presence of pharmaceuticals and PCP in effluents from water treatment plants, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Philip et al, () conducted a detailed review of the published reports on the presence of micropollutants in environmental matrices (water, air, soil, sediment, and sludge) and biological samples, by dividing India into six zones based on various aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic micropollutants in groundwater of India—A review

Sackaria

Elango

2019

Water Environment Research

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Groundwater pollution due to organic micropollutants is a major cause of concern, especially in parts of the world where available water resources are on the decline. India is the largest user of groundwater where the presence of micropollutants in the subsurface environment has been the focus of many researchers. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed review of studies on micropollutants in Indian groundwater and to provide strategies for further work. It is found that the presence of pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, surfactants, phthalates, per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances, personal care products, artificial sweeteners, and pesticides in groundwater from different parts of India is reported. Pesticides and phthalate concentrations reported exceed the standard guideline values. This review points out the regions where the groundwater is prone to contamination due to micropollutants. An assessment of temporal variation in the concentration of micropollutants in groundwater has been done only by a few researchers. This study highlighted the need for more research on the possible presence of micropollutants in groundwater, especially in the major polluted rivers in cities where more pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plastic industries are located. Practitioner Points Organic micropollutants were not new contaminants into the environment but the one entered even decades ago which has threatening effect. The number of studies on organic micropollutants in groundwater is lesser than surface water or wastewater. Scarcity on the studies of micropollutants was a result of definite technical lack in its analysis and complexity in sample preparation. Most of the studies done were related to contamination sites and point sources.

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“…These chemicals enter into the body systems of humans, animals and aquatic strains through the food chain. Their intended or un-intended use and excretion in discharge waters pose potential harmful effects on the public health and aquatic ecosystem [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC Method for the Removal and Detection of Griseofulvin in Surface Water

Bashir

Luo

Chen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Griseofulvin (GSF) is clinically employed to treat fungal infections in humans and animals. GSF was detected in surface waters as a pharmaceutical pollutant. GSF detection as an anthropogenic pollutant is considered as a possible source of drug resistance and risk factor in ecosystem. To address this concern, a new extraction and enrichment method was developed. GSF-surface molecularly imprinted polymers (GSF-SMIPs) were prepared and applied as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent. A dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method was designed and combined with HPLC for the analysis of GSF in surface water samples. The performance of GSF-SMIPs was assessed for its potential to remove GSF from water samples. The factors affecting the removal efficiency such as sample pH and ionic strength were investigated and optimized. The DSPE conditions such as the amount of GSF-SMIPs, the extraction time, the type and volume of desorption solvents were also optimized. The established method is linear over the range of 0.1–100 µg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 µg/mL respectively. Good recoveries (91.6–98.8%) were achieved after DSPE. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were 0.8 and 4.3% respectively. The SMIPs demonstrated good removal efficiency (91.6%) as compared to powder activated carbon (67.7%). Moreover, the SMIPs can be reused 10 times for water samples. This is an additional advantage over single-use activated carbon and other commercial sorbents. This study provides a specific and sensitive method for the selective extraction and detection of GSF in surface water samples.

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A review of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Indian water bodies

Cited by 440 publications

References 68 publications

Irrigation Water Quality—A Contemporary Perspective

Irrigation Water Quality—A Contemporary Perspective

Organic micropollutants in groundwater of India—A review

Development of Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC Method for the Removal and Detection of Griseofulvin in Surface Water

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