A review of the methods for levulinic acid separation and extraction

Rajendaren, Vikneswary; Saufi, Syed M.; Zahari, M. A. K. M.

doi:10.1007/s13399-022-03444-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…5 Among the bioderived platform molecules obtainable from LCB, levulinic acid (LA) was selected by the U. S. Department of Energy as one of the top twelve most valuable molecules and with the greatest potential, with a market value of approximately 4000 Tonnes per year in 2020. 6,7 In particular, the most investigated strategy for the exploitation of LA is its hydrogenation towards fuel additives, solvents, and other added-value bio-based chemicals and, in this context, heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts are widely used. 8 In literature, most works deal with the conversion of LA and its ester towards γ-valerolactone (GVL) because LA is the most easily obtainable compound, either by hydrogenation with H 2 or by catalytic H-transfer hydrogenation with light, bio-based alcohols, in both liquid- and gas-phase continuous flow reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported rhenium catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid derivatives: limits and potential

Bacchiocchi

Maron

Tabanelli

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported rhenium catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid derivatives: limits and potential

Bacchiocchi

Maron

Tabanelli

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…These methods can be used individually or in combination to achieve the desired level of LA purity. The separation of LA from other sugars and derivatives can be difficult but it is essential for achieving high‐quality LA that is suitable for industrial applications 27 . Research is also ongoing to develop more efficient and cost‐effective methods for separating LA from complex mixtures, such as using renewable solvents and using enzymatic processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is also ongoing to develop more efficient and cost‐effective methods for separating LA from complex mixtures, such as using renewable solvents and using enzymatic processes. These new approaches hold promise for improving the separation of LA from complex mixtures and expanding the industrial applications of this valuable bioresource 27 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation of LA from other sugars and derivatives can be difficult but it is essential for achieving high-quality LA that is suitable for industrial applications. 27 Research is also ongoing to develop more efficient and cost-effective methods for separating LA from complex mixtures, such as using renewable solvents and using enzymatic processes. These new approaches hold promise for improving the separation of LA from complex mixtures and expanding the industrial applications of this valuable bioresource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These new approaches hold promise for improving the separation of LA from complex mixtures and expanding the industrial applications of this valuable bioresource. 27 Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used statistical method to optimize conversion reaction conditions. It is based on a mathematical model that relates the level of input factors to the response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical approach for the optimization of levulinic acid production from orange peel as agricultural waste

Jeong

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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BackgroundAcid‐catalyzed hydrothermal conversion can be considered one of the most effective methods for converting agricultural wastes into sustainable and renewable fuels and value‐added chemicals. Orange wastes are a potential renewable and sustainable resource for the synthesis of value‐added compounds because of their high organic matter content. In this study, acid‐catalyzed hydrothermal conversion of orange peel was applied to produce levulinic acid (LA) using a statistical experimental approach.ResultsThe reaction conditions for LA synthesis by sulfuric acid‐catalyzed hydrothermal conversion of orange peel was optimized at middle‐to‐high temperatures, low catalyst concentrations, and prolonged reaction times within the tested ranges. As a result, an LA yield of 17.13 wt% (biomass weight basis) or 60.77% (glucan content basis) was achieved under the condition of 185 °C, 10% biomass, 0.3 mol L−1 sulfuric acid, and 30 min. In the relationship between combined severity (CS) and LA yield, LA yield increased moderately with increasing CS value until CS 3.2, then remained stable. The highest LA yield was observed under the CS 3.7 condition.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrated the potential value of orange peel as a renewable agricultural waste for the manufacture of valuable chemicals and materials. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Synthesis of Levulinic Acids From Muconic Acids in Hot Water

Ver Elst,

Vroemans,

Bal

et al. 2023

Angewandte Chemie

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Levulinic acid is a key biorenewable platform molecule. Its current chemical production from sugars is plagued by limited yields, char formation and difficult separations. An alternative and selective route starting from muconic acid via simple heating in water at high temperature (180 °C) has been developed. Muconic acid can be obtained from sugars or catechol fermentation. Chemical oxidation of catechol is another possibility which advantageously can also be applied on substituted catechols, hereby providing substituted muconic acids. When applying the disclosed hydrothermal protocol on these substrates hitherto unknown substituted levulinic acids were accessed. In particular, 3‐propyllevulinic acid has been synthesized from 4‐propylcatechol, prepared from pine wood. This propylated derivative has been used for the synthesis of a 3‐propyllevulinate diester, i.e. butane‐1,4‐diyl bis(4‐oxo‐3‐propylpentanoate), via esterification with 1,4‐butanediol. The diester showed superior performance as plasticizer in comparison to the corresponding levulinate diester in both PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PLA (polylactic acid). It plasticizes equally effective as the notorious commercial phthalate‐based benchmark DEHP (di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate) in PVC.

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A review of the methods for levulinic acid separation and extraction

Cited by 7 publications

References 105 publications

Supported rhenium catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid derivatives: limits and potential

Supported rhenium catalysts for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid derivatives: limits and potential

Statistical approach for the optimization of levulinic acid production from orange peel as agricultural waste

Synthesis of Levulinic Acids From Muconic Acids in Hot Water

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