A Review of the Integrated Design and Control of Electrified Vehicles

Abstract

From a control perspective, the energy management system and the thermal management system of an electrified vehicle are often developed separately, which may not yield the optimal solution. Moreover, an optimal system design requires concurrent plant (topology and size) and controller optimization, which should apply to both energy and thermal domains. This paper originally provides a comprehensive analysis of design and control optimization layers to reveal the interconnections between them and how they influence the optimality of an electrified vehicle design considering both energy and thermal domains. It was found that energy and cost savings can be achieved by integrating these optimization layers, and the energy and thermal domains with four coordination schemes, namely, sequential, iterative, nested and simultaneous. There is a trade-off between optimality, causality, complexity and computational time. Additionally, future research directions in terms of reducing energy consumption and system costs of electrified vehicles are identified herein, such as using integrated design and control methods, employing electrified actuators, exchanging heat between powertrain components and utilizing waste heat recovery systems.

Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review

“…Thermal management of electrified vehicles is widely discussed in the literature. Several review papers can be found addressing the problem of the thermal management for vehicle subsystems [4][5][6][7][8] with special reference to batteries [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], for the whole vehicle [23][24][25] or from a modeling perspective [26,27]. The present review aims to provide the designer of the thermal management system the most relevant information about the components, while focusing on the system.…”

Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

“…This type of design problem can be tackled by different approaches. An overview of design and control optimization methodologies is given in [7,8]. As presented in [7], there are generally four approaches to solve the design (plant) and control (controller) problem.…”

“…An overview of design and control optimization methodologies is given in [7,8]. As presented in [7], there are generally four approaches to solve the design (plant) and control (controller) problem. With respect to solution optimality, simultaneous and nested coordination schemes outperform iterative and sequential ones, although depending on the coupling and how sensitive the solution is to uncertainties in the design parameters.…”

Experimental Validation of Eco-Driving and Eco-Heating Strategies for Connected and Automated HEVs

“…In particular, CAVs can make real-time decisions by exploiting increased situational awareness gained from sensory data. While the main focus in the development of CAVs has been on driving safety and comfort, CAVs implications on energy consumption have also been considered, see [4][5][6][7] and the references therein. Most of the studies thus far have focused on reducing the traction power losses (e.g., eco-driving, platooning, cooperative adaptive cruise control).…”