Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review

Abstract

Vehicle electrification demands a deep analysis of the thermal problems in order to increase vehicle efficiency and battery life and performance. An efficient thermal management of an electrified vehicle has to involve every system of the vehicle. However, it is not sufficient to optimize the thermal behavior of each subsystem, but thermal management has to be considered at system level to optimize the global performance of the vehicle. The present paper provides an organic review of the current aspects of thermal management from a system engineering perspective. Starting from the definition of the requirements and targets of the thermal management system, each vehicle subsystem is analyzed and related to the whole system. In this framework, problems referring to modeling, simulation and optimization are considered and discussed. The current technological challenges and developments in thermal management are highlighted at vehicle and component levels.

A comparative study of thermo‐physical properties of different nanofluids for effective heat transfer leading to Li‐ion battery pack cooling

“…Shows a schematic of lithium-ion cell. 96 The authors have used K-epsilon model which is a type of turbulent flow analysis considering continuity, momentum, and energy in Equations (10), (11), and (12), respectively. Continuity equation:…”

“…The authors have discussed the reasons for heat generation; heat transport and heat transfer from a Li-ion cell and discuss various cooling techniques to maintain battery pack within working limit of temperatures. 10,11 Air cooling is one of the simplest and cost effective cooling techniques which are adopted by many automotive manufactures but the performance of cooling is less effective. Further air cooling can be classified as active and passive based upon the nature of flow of air.…”

Fast-charging anodes for lithium ion batteries: progress and challenges

“…33 Specifically, macro-battery technology aims to achieve efficient, safe and fast charging using charging protocols, heat management, and transmission technology research. 34–37 However, the more critical technology in the field of fast-charging batteries is the “micro-battery technology”, which refers to the improvement of the internal structural components of batteries such as electrode materials, electrolytes, and charge transfer interfaces. 38–40 The fast-charging performance of LIBs depends on the transfer rate of Li + within the electrode, electrode/electrolyte interface, and electrolyte.…”

Comparison on the energy absorbed of volumetric and centrifugal pumps for automotive engine cooling

“…has been widely and recently explored in literature. Additional thermal needs are present in BEV and HEV vehicles: electronic control components and battery pack, as well as electric motors (also when they behave as generators), need to be cooled or kept to a suitable temperature [29,30]. The cooling system plays a crucial role, since working temperatures can significantly affect the final energy consumption of the vehicle.…”