A review of the functional effects of pine nut oil, pinolenic acid and its derivative eicosatrienoic acid and their potential health benefits

Baker, Ella J.; Miles, Elizabeth A.; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101097

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Some special fatty acids with various health benefits are also widely confirmed in woody oils. Δ‐5‐non‐methylene‐interrupted fatty acids (Δ5‐UPIFAs), mainly pinolenic acid, sciadonic acid (SA) and juniperonic acid, are the feature lipid species in seeds or nuts of Podocarpus falcatus , Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine), P. sibirica (Siberian pine), P. pinea (stone pine) and P. gerardiana (chilgoza pine) (Hammann et al ., 2015; Baker et al ., 2021). In addition, seeds of pomegranate, catalpa and tung are rich sources of conjugated linolenic acids (Gong et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stability, shelf‐life and stir‐frying application of Torreya grandis seed oil

Huang

Qian

et al. 2022

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Torreya grandis seed oil, with a feature of Δ5-sciadonic acid (SA, 20:3 Δ5, 11,, is an attractive woody oil as its potential health benefits in lowering blood and hepatic lipids and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, its oxidative stabilities at both room temperature and heating conditions were investigated by analysing oxidation stability index (OSI), shelf-life, changes of fatty acids, acid value and peroxide value during stir-frying tests. Also, its effects on the sensory qualities of stir-fried shredded potatoes were evaluated. The OSI of T. grandis seed oil was 2.97 h at 120 °C, which was 11.24% higher than that of the control soybean oil, contributing to a longer predicted shelf-life of 135-195 d for T. grandis seed oil than 127-180 d for soybean oil. T. grandis seed oil also exhibited superior thermal stability compared to soybean oil. The feature fatty acid, SA, only lost 2.48-5.73% (decreasing from 14.14 to 13.33-13.79%) under the optimised stir-frying conditions at 140-180 °C for 3-5 min. For the stir-frying shredded potatoes, T. grandis seed oil made it more pleasing in colour, odour and palatability. Due to its desirable oxidative stability at room temperature and stir-frying performance at high temperature, T. grandis seed oil is suitable for use as a domestic cooking oil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stability, shelf‐life and stir‐frying application of Torreya grandis seed oil

Huang

Qian

et al. 2022

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…SA is an anti-inflammatory fatty acid analog of arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoate; ARA) lacking the Δ-8 double bond necessary for formation of typical pro-inflammatory, fully-formed, eicosanoid mediators. Our group and others have shown SA to exert anti-inflammatory actions by reducing levels of ARA and downstream mediators in in vitro and animal models [ 1 – 8 ]. Topical anti-inflammatory properties using lipidic seed extracts rich in SA have also been demonstrated [ 1 , 6 , 9 – 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta-5® oil, containing the anti-inflammatory fatty acid sciadonic acid, improves skin barrier function in a skin irritation model in healthy female subjects

Berger¹

2022

Lipids Health Dis

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Background Sciadonic acid (SA) is an anti-inflammatory fatty acid displacing arachidonic acid (ARA) from specific phospholipid pools, thus modulating downstream pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Its novel anti-inflammatory actions have been studied in vitro, in pre-clinical models, and stemming from testimonials, after topical- and oral application. It has not been tested in a formal clinical study for topical benefits previously. Skin barrier layer was our focus as it has a critically important role in maintaining skin moisture balance. Methods Herein, forearm skin was left undamaged; or barrier layer was chemically-damaged with 2% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for 24 h. SLS-damaged skin was left untreated or treated with Delta-5® oil containing 24% SA twice daily for 27 days. Barrier function was assessed by open chamber transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface impedance on days 0 (clear skin), -1 (1-day post-SLS), -2 (2-days post-SLS, 1-day post-Delta-5), -3, -7, and − 28. Results Relative to day 1, Delta-5 oil statistically significantly decreased TEWL vs. untreated damaged sites, on days 3 (125% more reduced), -7 (74% more reduced), and − 28 (69% more reduced). Decreases in TEWL following chemical damage indicates improved skin barrier repair and healing. Similar patterns were quantified for skin impedance. There was also reduced redness observed on days 3 and − 7 with Delta-5 oil vs. untreated SLS-damaged skin. Conclusions Delta-5 oil thus has anti-inflammatory potential in human skin, under controlled clinical conditions, to accelerate irritant-induced healing, and improve skin barrier function. Improvement in barrier function would benefit dermatitis, acne, eczema, and skin scarring. In normal skin, Delta-5 oil has potential to promote healthy, moisturized skin; and improve skin structure, elasticity, and firmness.

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“…Pine nuts have been harvested for human consumption since prehistoric times [1]. Pine nuts are often used raw, as a roasted snack, or as an ingredient in various products that often require a roasting process, such as cakes, breads or desserts [5,6]. If the shelled pine nuts are kept dry, they can be stored for a long time without any deterioration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization and Bioactive Compounds of Cold Pressed Pine Nut Oil

Parıldı

Kola

Keçeli³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study was conducted to determine some physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of Turkish pine nut cold pressed oil. The moisture content, total protein amount and crude oil yield of the pine nut were 3.18%, 31.46% and 35.58% respectively. The fatty acid profile, tocopherol and sterol contents of this oil were characterized. Linoleic acid (46.39%) was found to be the predominant fatty acid followed by palmitic (6.3%), stearic (3.5%), gadoleic (0.81%), linolenic (0.58%), eicosadienoic (0.49%), oleic (37.73%), behenic (0.13%), palmitoleic (0.1%), margaric (0.08%), myristic (0.06%) and heptadecenoic acid (0.05%). Regarding tocopherol composition, α-tocopherol (174.48 µg/g), γ-tocopherol (485.92 µg/g) and α-tocotrienol (2004.65 µg/g) were major ingredients in the pine nut oil. Regarding sterol composition, pine nut oil was determined to have remarkably high content of β-sitosterol (76.15%). The other sterols present in the oil were campesterol (15.60%), sitostanol (6.46%), D-5,24-stigmastadienol (1.43%) and ergosterol (0.36%). The most abundant triacylglycerol (TAG) was LLL (trilinolein) (11.5867%) followed by OLnL (Oleolinolenolinolein) (0.7302%), PLnL (Palmitolinolenolinolein) (0.1422%) and PoLL (Palmitoleodilinolein) (0.0826%).

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A review of the functional effects of pine nut oil, pinolenic acid and its derivative eicosatrienoic acid and their potential health benefits

Cited by 30 publications

References 89 publications

Oxidative stability, shelf‐life and stir‐frying application of Torreya grandis seed oil

Oxidative stability, shelf‐life and stir‐frying application of Torreya grandis seed oil

Delta-5® oil, containing the anti-inflammatory fatty acid sciadonic acid, improves skin barrier function in a skin irritation model in healthy female subjects

Physicochemical Characterization and Bioactive Compounds of Cold Pressed Pine Nut Oil

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