A review of the effects of opioids on psychomotor and cognitive functioning in humans.

Zacny, James P.

doi:10.1037/1064-1297.3.4.432

Cited by 179 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…A study of cancer patients taking stable, long term opioid therapy compared with a group taking no opioids demonstrated no significant difference in functions related to driving ability (32). This observation has been duplicated in subsequent studies (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Cognitive deficits in opioid-treated patients are more often due to the concurrent use of sedative medications such as benzodiazepines.…”

Section: Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Use of Opioid Analgesics for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain ‐ A Consensus Statement and Guidelines from the Canadian Pain Society, 2002

Jovey

Ennis

Gardner-Nix

et al. 2003

Pain Research and Management

123

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Section: Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Use of Opioid Analgesics for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain ‐ A Consensus Statement and Guidelines from the Canadian Pain Society, 2002

Jovey

Ennis

Gardner-Nix

et al. 2003

Pain Research and Management

123

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“…8 Opioid-related drug overdoses are becoming increasingly prevalent, amounting to more than 40% of deaths due to drug overdoses in the United States. 1 Opioids can interfere with attention and impair reaction time, 9,10 leading to concerns regarding impaired driving performance. However, 2 small randomized controlled trials of driving simulations found no significant effect of opioids on driving performance, reaction time, or cognition, 5,6 although 1 study suggested that patients receiving opioids experienced reduced alertness and increased sedation while driving.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid Dose and Risk of Road Trauma in Canada

Gomes¹,

Redelmeier²,

Juurlink³

et al. 2013

JAMA Intern Med

134

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“…Neurophysiological and neuropsychological experiments show that the CNS-depressant medications impair an array of cognitive functions underlying [44][45][46][47] driving and other everyday activities . The cognitive effects include impaired visual [47][48][49][50][51] attention and reaction time , attentional 5 2 5 3 switching , planning and working 54 memory . In addition benzodiazepines cause a n t e r o g r a d e a m n e s i a a n d i n c r e a s e This has led to the problem which can berather ironically -referred to as 'driving under the influence of prescription medication'.…”

Section: O G N I T I V E To X I C I T Y O F S E D a T I V E P S Y Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive toxicity: from pesticides to pharmaceuticals

Dassanayake

2017

SL J. Med.

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Impairment of cognitive functions following neurotoxic exposure is collectively termed cognitive toxicity. This oration is based on a series of studies carried out over last 12 years on cognitive toxicity of two groups of substances, viz. organophosphate (OP) pesticides and sedative psychotropic drugs.OP pesticide poisoning is a major clinical and public health problem in South Asia. OPs act as cholinesterase inhibitors, and bring about acute neurological deficits following exposure. Using neurophysiological and neuropsychological techniques, we assess long-term neurocognitive deficits of OPs, a less known yet important adverse effect of OP exposure. The findings hitherto indicate both acute large-dose poisoning and subclinical occupational exposure are associated with long-term cognitive impairment.In the same way the pesticide use and misuse are common in agricultural communities, use and misuse of sedative psychotropic medications are common in urbanised societies. Sedative drugs, even in therapeutic doses impair driving and underlying cognitive functions, and increase the risk of traffic accidents. When taken in overdose, these drugs have cognitively impairing effects that last beyond clinical recovery from acute poisoning. These patients are more prone to traffic crashes at least up to 4 weeks following exposure, and the cognitive recovery over this period mirrors the crash risk at different post-overdose time points. The above findings raise a number of clinical and medico legal implications in post-discharge management of patients with sedative drug overdose.As the agricultural communities transform into urban industrialised societies in Sri Lanka, the pattern of poisoning changes from agrochemicals into pharmaceuticals, particularly psychotropic dugs. The two lines of research discussed above highlight how this changing social fabric poses new challenges for the neurophysiologists, neurologists and psychiatrists who study cognition and apply their findings in clinical settings. Our latest work in generating age-, sex-and education-adjusted norms for cognitive tests for Sri Lankans, would set the foundation in interpreting the cognitive test results of clinical populations.

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A review of the effects of opioids on psychomotor and cognitive functioning in humans.

Cited by 179 publications

References 184 publications

Use of Opioid Analgesics for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain ‐ A Consensus Statement and Guidelines from the Canadian Pain Society, 2002

Use of Opioid Analgesics for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain ‐ A Consensus Statement and Guidelines from the Canadian Pain Society, 2002

Opioid Dose and Risk of Road Trauma in Canada

Cognitive toxicity: from pesticides to pharmaceuticals

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