“…If issuing companies' financial ratios drop more than those of the peers, than we can claim performance drops in IPO companies (Jain & Kini, 1994;Cai & Wei, 1997;Balatbat, Taylor, & Walter, 2004;Tütüncü and uzunel, 2020). A second method to analyze performance changes is to compute the difference between financial ratios of consecutive years and to test if the difference is significantly different from zero (Chui et al, 2001;Wang, 2005;Chi & Padgett, 2006;Chipeta & Jardine, 2014;Arık & Mutlu, 2015;Kurtaran Çelik, 2016).…”