A review of the catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid in the presence of aqueous base

Akbulut, Doğan; Özkâr, Saim

doi:10.1039/d2ra03085c

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(267 reference statements)

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“…The reverse reactions, namely autooxidation of erythritol to glycerol under alkaline conditions in the presence of Fe III ions, 49 and further conversion of glycerol to lactate in the presence of KOH, are well known to occur in aqueous solution. 50,51 We confirmed the interconversion between products by readjusting the pH of the solubilized solution of GR containing the CO2R product of erythritol back to 12.0. As expected, the dominant product was L-lactate at a somewhat lower concentration of 9000 μM, which was partly due to the re-precipitation of GR from the solution under alkaline conditions.…”

Section: Spontaneous Conversion Of Co2 At the Gr Surfacementioning

confidence: 63%

Spontaneous Unassisted Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Liquid Products on Green Rust Mineral

Lee

Wang

Chakrapani

2023

Preprint

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Direct low-pressure, low-temperature conversion of CO2 to multicarbon (C>2) products is a quite challenging process due to the high stability of CO2 molecules and the difficulty in achieving the C-C coupling between intermediate steps, which are kinetically slow. Electrocatalysts reported to date have required at least 800-1000 mV overpotentials to achieve even moderate faradaic conversion efficiencies (FE). Here, we report on a hydrothermal iron mineral, namely green rust (GR), a Fe corrosion product that forms under anaerobic conditions, as a highly potent catalyst capable of spontaneously reducing CO2 to multicarbon liquid products, such as erythritol (C4), lactate (C3), malonate (C3), and others, without the application of any external input. Under a small external potential bias, GR achieves FE in excess of 250% at overpotentials of only ~100 mV, which is a new benchmark for spontaneous (unassisted) and electrocatalytic CO2 conversions. Our results show that the high intrinsic activity of GR is probably due to its unusual band structure with an electron affinity of ~3.2 eV, which is the lowest among all commonly known oxides and sulfides in the aqueous electrolyte.

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Section: Spontaneous Conversion Of Co2 At the Gr Surfacementioning

confidence: 63%

Spontaneous Unassisted Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Liquid Products on Green Rust Mineral

Lee

Wang

Chakrapani

2023

Preprint

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“…While many homogeneous and heterogeneous processes have been reported for glycerol AD and conversion to lactic acid, almost none report or compare to existing processes based on green chemistry metrics. 70 Given that environmental impact for these catalytic processes should be reported, here we apply three green chemistry metrics that facilitate comparison for homogeneous vs. heterogeneous methods. The metrics, namely environmental energy impact ( ξ ), energy economy factor ( ε ), and E factor, are calculated for each or the reports reviewed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous catalysts for acceptorless dehydrogenation of biomass-derived glycerol and ethanol towards circular chemistry

Wang,

Horlyck,

et al. 2024

Green Chem.

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“…[39][40][41] Indeed, glycerol is used for significantly producing high-value lactic acid (LA) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) by dehydrogenation reaction (Figure 2). [42][43][44][45] Due to its unique properties, such as high boiling point, low toxicity, non-volatile, biodegradable and high polarity, glycerol is considered a green solvent in organic synthesis. [46,47] Moreover, glycerol is used as a renewable hydrogen donor to reduce various functional groups in the presence of transition metal catalysts.…”

Section: Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions With Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition‐Metal‐Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions with Glycerol and Carbohydrates as Hydrogen Donors

Ansari,

Anshika,

Sortais

et al. 2024

Eur J Org Chem

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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation is a practical approach for the reduction of various unsaturated compounds and an alternative to pressurised hydrogenation and traditional metal hydride reagents. Among the various hydrogen donors, biomass such as glycerol and carbohydrates received considerable attention for the reduction reactions due to their non‐toxic, eco‐friendly and renewable nature. The present review addresses the development of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, alkenes, alkynes, nitro compounds, CO2 etc. using glycerol and carbohydrates as potential hydrogen donors.

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A review of the catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid in the presence of aqueous base

Abstract: A critical review of the reports on the catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid in an aqueous alkaline medium by considering the reaction conditions, catalytic activity for glycerol conversion and selectivity for lactic acid.

Cited by 19 publications

References 94 publications

Spontaneous Unassisted Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Liquid Products on Green Rust Mineral

Spontaneous Unassisted Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon Liquid Products on Green Rust Mineral

Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous catalysts for acceptorless dehydrogenation of biomass-derived glycerol and ethanol towards circular chemistry

Transition‐Metal‐Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions with Glycerol and Carbohydrates as Hydrogen Donors

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