A Review of the Biology of the Fall Armyworm

Sparks, Alton N.

doi:10.2307/3494083

Cited by 690 publications

(580 citation statements)

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“…Egg masses oviposited on the screen of the cages during the evaluation period were also found but not counted. This behavior had previously been reported by Luginbill (1928) and later by Sparks (1979), who noted that large populations of S. frugiperda can lay their eggs in non-host plants and objects. This non-specific oviposition behavior of S. frugiperda had also been reported by Rojas et al (2003), who found several moths laying their eggs on striated surfaces, indicating that short distances (a physical factor) have greater influence than plant volatiles on oviposition location choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Grasses, and more specifically maize, certainly offer S. frugiperda larvae better shelter than soybean or cotton. As larvae hatch from the eggs they find shelter on maize whorl, a site that makes it more difficult for predation and chemical control to succeed (Sparks, 1979;Prowell et al, 2004). Despite all these possible different explanations, it seems that none of them alone can explain S. frugiperda intake regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Biology and nutrition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources

Silva

Bueno

Andrade

et al. 2017

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

145

102

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We studied Spodoptera frugiperda development using different food sources in the laboratory and field. Newly hatched larvae were fed soybean, cotton, maize, wheat, and oat leaves. An artificial diet was used as the control. Duration of pre-pupal, pupal, and larva-adult period, pupal weight, sex ratio, survival, larva feeding preferences, oviposition preferences, and nutritional quality of different hosts were evaluated. Insects fed on wheat showed the shortest larva-adult period. The insects fed on cotton and soybean had longer larval development cycles and pupae of lower weight. Feeding preference was evident for third instar larvae and did not differ between wheat, oat, maize, and soybean, which were the preferred hosts. Moths oviposited to a greater extent on the upper canopy of wheat than that of other plants in both the no-choice and free-choice tests. Treatments influenced insect growth, food consumption, and digestion when nutritional variables were analyzed. Thus, grasses were better hosts for S. frugiperda development. Cotton was the least preferred food, followed by soybean. The present study can improve our understanding of S. frugiperda in these different crops and help in developing management strategies. Even though S. frugiperda is considered to be polyphagous, this pest is closely associated with grasses (maize, wheat, oat) and has lower potential as a soybean or cotton feeder. Howerver, S. frugiperda food intake regulation appears to be triggered by a complex of different mechanisms. Thus, S. frugiperda can also damage soybean and cotton and adapt to them in the absence of preferred hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biology and nutrition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources

Silva

Bueno

Andrade

et al. 2017

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

145

102

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“…The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a polyphagous noctuid that feeds on over 60 species of plants and is a periodic, but serious, pest of maize, rice, sorghum, turf grasses, cotton, and peanuts (Luginbill, 1928;Sparks, 1979). Larvae often disperse from the original host plant, in part because of frequent and negative effects of overcrowding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larvae often disperse from the original host plant, in part because of frequent and negative effects of overcrowding. Females lay up to 200 eggs in an egg mass on a single host, often exceeding the resources available to offspring (Sparks, 1979;Pitre et al, 1983;Chapman et al, 1999b). Individuals that remain on the original host plant face competition for resources and the threat of cannibalism from conspecifics (Chapman et al, 1999b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae to Volatiles from Herbivore-Damaged Maize Seedlings

et al. 2006

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Plants respond to insect attack with the induction of volatiles that function as indirect plant defenses through the attraction of natural enemies to the herbivores. Despite the fact that volatiles are induced in response to caterpillar attack, their reciprocal effects on the host location behaviors of the same foraging herbivores are poorly understood. We examined orientation responses of sixth instar fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)] to odors from herbivore-damaged and undamaged maize seedlings (Zea mays var. Golden Queen) in y-tube olfactometer bioassays. While both damaged and undamaged maize seedlings were attractive compared with air, sixth instars preferred odors from damaged maize seedlings over odors from undamaged maize seedlings. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plant volatiles revealed that linalool and 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were the major volatiles induced by FAW herbivory 6 hr after initial damage. Given its prominence in induced plants and established attractiveness to adult FAW, linalool was evaluated both as an individual attractant and as a supplemental component of whole plant odors. Volatile linalool was more attractive than air to sixth instar FAW over a broad range of release rates. FAW also responded selectively to different amounts of linalool, preferring the higher amount. The orientation preferences of FAW were readily manipulated through capillary release of linalool into the airstream of whole plant odors. FAW preferred linalool over undamaged plant odors, and linalool-supplemented plant odors over unsupplemented plant odors, indicating that olfactory preferences could be changed by alteration of a single volatile component. These results suggest that although many induced volatiles attract natural enemies of herbivores, these defenses may also inadvertently recruit more larval herbivores to an attacked plant or neighboring conspecifics.

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“…This dependence on plant-provided signals could facilitate plant specialization in both species. The two parasitoids are generalists and can potentially attack a broad range of noctuid Lepidoptera (Lingren et al 1970;Cave 1995), but with the massive cultivation of cereals throughout Mexico, they can be expected to most frequently parasitize the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a major subtropical pest of maize and sorghum (Kranz et al 1977;Sparks 1979;Knipling 1980;Pashley 1986). Spodoptera frugiperda has a broad potential host range of more than 60 plant species, mainly grasses (Luginbill 1928).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure of two primary parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera), Chelonus insularis and Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera): to what extent is the host plant important?

et al. 2010

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Plant chemistry can strongly influence interactions between herbivores and their natural enemies, either by providing volatile compounds that serve as foraging cues for parasitoids or predators, or by affecting the quality of herbivores as hosts or prey. Through these effects plants may influence parasitoid population genetic structure. We tested for a possible specialization on specific crop plants in Chelonus insularis and Campoletis sonorensis, two primary parasitoids of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Throughout Mexico, S. frugiperda larvae were collected from their main host plants, maize and sorghum and parasitoids that emerged from the larvae were used for subsequent comparison by molecular analysis. Genetic variation at eight and 11 microsatellites were respectively assayed for C. insularis and C. sonorensis to examine isolation by distance, host plant and regional effects. Kinship analyses were also performed to assess female migration among host-plants. The analyses showed considerable within population variation and revealed a significant regional effect. No effect of host plant on population structure of either of the two parasitoid species was found. Isolation by distance was observed at the individual level, but not at the population level. Kinship analyses revealed significantly more genetically related-or kin-individuals on the same plant species than on different plant species, suggesting that locally, mothers preferentially stay on the same plant species. Although the standard population genetics parameters showed no effect of plant species on population structure, the kinship analyses revealed that mothers exhibit plant species fidelity, which may speed up divergence if adaptation were to occur.

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A Review of the Biology of the Fall Armyworm

Cited by 690 publications

References 0 publications

Biology and nutrition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources

Biology and nutrition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources

Attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae to Volatiles from Herbivore-Damaged Maize Seedlings

Population genetic structure of two primary parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera), Chelonus insularis and Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera): to what extent is the host plant important?

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