A review of surface ozone in the polar regions

Helmig, Detlev; Oltmans, S. J.; Carlson, D.; Lamarque, Jean‐François; Jones, A. E.; Labuschagne, Casper; Anlauf, K. G.; Hayden, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.053

Cited by 143 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…One emphasis has been springtime tropospheric O 3 depletion events (Barrie et al, 1988), which are observed throughout the Arctic at coastal stations (Helmig et al, 2007). Arctic tropospheric O 3 depletion is thought to be linked to emissions of halogens from within the sea ice zone (Helmig et al, 2007). In addition, a significant amount of data has been collected above the snowpack and firm ice with important implications for Arctic photochemistry.…”

Section: Previous Research On Arctic Air-surface Exchangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were motivated by the observation that these air-surface exchanges had important implications for cycles of atmospheric chemistry in the Arctic. One emphasis has been springtime tropospheric O 3 depletion events (Barrie et al, 1988), which are observed throughout the Arctic at coastal stations (Helmig et al, 2007). Arctic tropospheric O 3 depletion is thought to be linked to emissions of halogens from within the sea ice zone (Helmig et al, 2007).…”

Section: Previous Research On Arctic Air-surface Exchangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

et al. 2013

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Whole-system fluxes of isoprene from a moist acidic tundra ecosystem and leaf-level emission rates of isoprene from a common species (Salix pulchra) in that same ecosystem were measured during three separate field campaigns. The field campaigns were conducted during the summers of 2005, 2010 and 2011 and took place at the Toolik Field Station (68.6° N, 149.6° W) on the north slope of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. The maximum rate of whole-system isoprene flux measured was over 1.2 mg C m−2 h−1 with an air temperature of 22 °C and a PAR level over 1500 μmol m−2 s−1. Leaf-level isoprene emission rates for S. pulchra averaged 12.4 nmol m−2 s−1 (27.4 μg C gdw−1 h−1) extrapolated to standard conditions (PAR = 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 and leaf temperature = 30 °C). Leaf-level isoprene emission rates were well characterized by the Guenther algorithm for temperature with published coefficients, but less so for light. Chamber measurements from a nearby moist acidic tundra ecosystem with little S. pulchra emitted significant amounts of isoprene, but at lower rates (0.45 mg C m−2 h−1) suggesting other significant isoprene emitters. Comparison of our results to predictions from a global model found broad agreement, but a detailed analysis revealed some significant discrepancies. An atmospheric chemistry box model predicts that the observed isoprene emissions have a significant impact on Arctic atmospheric chemistry, including a reduction of hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations. Our results support the prediction that isoprene emissions from Arctic ecosystems will increase with global climate change

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Section: Previous Research On Arctic Air-surface Exchangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Research On Arctic Air-surface Exchangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

et al. 2013

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“…Jones et al, 2008;Helmig et al, 2007;Illic et al, 2005;Wolff et al, 1998;Pereira, 1990), and interpretation of trace impurities in Antarctic ice cores has become a popular window through which to view past global climate. To do this, however, requires a solid understanding of the transport and fate of trace elements to this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using Radon-222 measurements at King George Island

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We report on one year of high-precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m −3 in late-summer to 44 mBq m −3 in late winter and early spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m −3 , were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47-53 • S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8-4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised.

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“…In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest polar ozone record from Barrow (71 • 19 N,156 • 36 W, 8 m above sea level (a.s.l. )), shows a mean annual increasing rate of 0.05 ± 0.08 ppbv yr −1 (Helmig et al, 2007a(Helmig et al, ) between 1975(Helmig et al, and 2005. An even lower increasing rate of 0.02 ± 0.09 ppbv yr −1 (Helmig et al, 2007a) is reported for the longest polar record of the Southern Hemisphere available from the South Pole (1975Pole ( -2005.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d'Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU), and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term changes, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near-surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa, also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located on the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycles at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle of ozone is different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia but not at the South Pole. The vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface also differs. When present, the ozone-rich layer located near the ground is better mixed and deeper at Concordia (up to 400 m) than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of elevated ozone levels caused by NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea ice offshore from the sites, whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing change in summer surface ozone at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004–2014 and 2007–2014). Further research, including continued monitoring, is needed at these two sites to better separate the effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer leading to penetration of more UV radiation to the surface.

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A review of surface ozone in the polar regions

Cited by 143 publications

References 83 publications

Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem

Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using Radon-222 measurements at King George Island

Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d'Urville, 2004–2014) and inland (Concordia, 2007–2014) sites in East Antarctica

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