A Review of Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Research in the Context of Realizing Production Control Strategies

Robertson, Dennis; Prucka, Robert

doi:10.4271/2019-24-0027

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…It is self-ignition controlled by spark plug. It is a specific method of self-ignition of a homogeneous air-fuel mixture located in the combustion chamber [30]. This type of ignition is currently in use, but mastering the ignition of a homogeneous air-fuel mixture without spark plug assist is now possible only in RCCI engines, and these kinds of ignition are the keys to introduce diesel HCCI or PCCI engine.…”

Section: Ic Engines Ignition Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of technical solutions for RCCI engines

Szamrej¹,

Karczewski²,

Chojnowski³

2021

Combustion Engines

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Nowadays, internal combustion engines are being developed in the directions that allow to maximize the efficiency of their work, in order to make the most economical use of fuels. The low-temperature method of burning fuels in HCCI engines - Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition - allows to improve the efficiency of the engine, thanks to the reduction of energy lost during cobustion process. For the further development of engines with this type of mixture auto-ignition, with increasing the range of fuels used for that king of engines, it is necessary to develop the RCCI engines. Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition - RCCI - is the way to control the air-fuel mixture auto-ignition by using the injection of second fuel injected into the combustion chamber before the combustion begins. The development of modern compression ignition engines is strongly dependent on engines with this type of ignition. Using two fuels with different physicochemical properties makes it possible to control the time of compression ignition and allows to use engine in full range of operation. RCCI is a special type of HCCI engine that allows to use many types of fuels with high combustion efficiency and low emission of harmful exhaust components. The paper analyzes the issues related to the adoption and development of engines with this method of ignition.

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Section: Ic Engines Ignition Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of technical solutions for RCCI engines

Szamrej¹,

Karczewski²,

Chojnowski³

2021

Combustion Engines

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“…The spark ignition (SI) can be introduced to a gasoline engine that operates with compression ignition combustion operation, which is referred to as controlled auto-ignition (CAI), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or gasoline compression ignition (GCI), to assist the control of auto-ignition [1,2]. This SI-CAI hybrid combustion, or spark assisted compression ignition (SACI), has higher thermal efficiency and lower NOx emissions compared to conventional SI combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Study of Cycle-To-Cycle Variations (CCV) in Spark Ignition (SI)-Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) Hybrid Combustion Engine by Using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES)

Wang

Zhao

2022

Energies

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The spark ignition (SI)-controlled auto-ignition (CAI) hybrid combustion is characterized by early flame propagation combustion and subsequent auto-ignition combustion. The application of combined SI–CAI hybrid combustion can be used to effectively extend the operating range of CAI combustion and achieve smooth transitions between SI and CAI combustion modes. However, SI–CAI hybrid combustion can produce significant cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV). In order to better understand the sources of CCV and minimize its occurrence, the large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches were employed in this study to model and understand the cyclic phenomenon of SI–CAI hybrid combustion. Both the multi-cycle LES and RANS simulations were analyzed against the experimental measurements in a single cylinder engine at 1500 rpm and a 5.43 bar average indicated the mean effective pressure (IMEP). The detailed analysis of the in-cylinder pressure traces, IMEP, in-cylinder peak pressure (PP), peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) and the crank angles with fuel mass burned fraction at 10%, 50%, 90% and mode transition was performed. The results indicate that overall, the adopted LES simulations could effectively predict the cyclic variations in the hybrid combustion observed in the experiments, while the RANS simulations failed to reproduce the cyclic characteristics at the chosen engine operating conditions. Based on the LES results, the correlation and visualization studies indicate that the cyclic variations in the local velocity around the spark plug lead to the variations in the early flame propagation, which in turn produce temperature fluctuations among the cycles and result in greater variations in the subsequent auto-ignition combustion events.

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“…Innovation has been constantly brought in the automotive industry as a response to increasingly stringent government regulations [1,3,8,[11][12][13][14][15]. Innovative combustion concepts [16][17][18][19][20][21] and new emerging control strategies [22][23][24][25][26] can certainly offer plenty of scope for improvement. In addition, research dedicated to developing low-carbon and alternative fuels is also increasing [2,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Soot Particle Number, Mass and Size Distribution along the Exhaust Line of a Heavy-Duty Engine Fueled with Compressed Natural Gas

et al. 2020

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An experimental study has been conducted to provide a characterization of the transformations that particle size distributions and the number density of soot particles can encounter along the exhaust line of a modern EURO VI compliant heavy-duty engine, fueled with compressed natural gas. Being aware of the particles history in the exhausts can be of utmost importance to understand soot formation and oxidation dynamics, so that, new strategies for further reducing these emissions can be formulated and present and future regulations met. To this purpose, particle samples were collected from several points along the exhaust pipe, namely upstream and downstream of each device the exhaust gases interact with. The engine was turbocharged and equipped with a two-stage after-treatment system. The measurements were carried out in steady conditions while the engine operated in stoichiometric conditions. Particle emissions were measured using a fast-response particle size spectrometer (DMS500) so that size information was analyzed in the range between 5 and 1000 nm. Particle mass information was derived from size distribution data using a correlation available in the literature. The reported results provide more insight on the particle emission process related to natural gas engines and, in particular, point out the effects that the turbine and the after-treatment devices produce on soot particles. Furthermore, the reported observations suggest that soot particles might not derive only from the fuel, namely, external sources, such as lubricant oil, might have a relevant role in soot formation.

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A Review of Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) Research in the Context of Realizing Production Control Strategies

Cited by 32 publications

References 85 publications

A review of technical solutions for RCCI engines

A review of technical solutions for RCCI engines

Modelling Study of Cycle-To-Cycle Variations (CCV) in Spark Ignition (SI)-Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) Hybrid Combustion Engine by Using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES)

Evolution of Soot Particle Number, Mass and Size Distribution along the Exhaust Line of a Heavy-Duty Engine Fueled with Compressed Natural Gas

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