This article discusses the problems of exhaust gas emissions in the context of the possibility of their reduction through the use of fuels with hydrogen as an additive or hydrotreatment. These fuels, thanks to their properties, may be a suitable response to more and more demanding restrictions on exhaust emissions. The use of such fuels in reactivity controlled dual fuel engines (RCCI) is currently the most effective way of using them in internal combustion (IC) engines. Low-temperature combustion in this type of engine allows the use of all modern fuels intended for combustion engines with high thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency higher than in classic engines allows for additional reduction of CO2 emissions. In this work, the research on this subject was compiled, and conclusions were drawn as to further possibilities of popularizing the use of these fuels in a wide spectrum of applications and the prospect of using them on a mass scale.
Nowadays, internal combustion engines are being developed in the directions that allow to maximize the efficiency of their work, in order to make the most economical use of fuels. The low-temperature method of burning fuels in HCCI engines - Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition - allows to improve the efficiency of the engine, thanks to the reduction of energy lost during cobustion process. For the further development of engines with this type of mixture auto-ignition, with increasing the range of fuels used for that king of engines, it is necessary to develop the RCCI engines. Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition - RCCI - is the way to control the air-fuel mixture auto-ignition by using the injection of second fuel injected into the combustion chamber before the combustion begins. The development of modern compression ignition engines is strongly dependent on engines with this type of ignition. Using two fuels with different physicochemical properties makes it possible to control the time of compression ignition and allows to use engine in full range of operation. RCCI is a special type of HCCI engine that allows to use many types of fuels with high combustion efficiency and low emission of harmful exhaust components. The paper analyzes the issues related to the adoption and development of engines with this method of ignition.
The problem of global warming and related climate change, as well as rising oil prices, is driving the implementation of ideas that not only reduce the consumption of liquid fuels, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of them is the use of natural gas as an energy source. It is a hydrocarbon fuel with properties allowing the reduction of CO2 emissions during its combustion. Therefore, solutions are being implemented that allow natural gas to be supplied to means of transport, which are trucks of various categories and purposes. This article presents the results of tests of an engine from a used semi-truck, to which an innovative compressed natural gas (CNG) supply system was installed. This installation (both hardware and software), depending on the engine operating conditions, enables mass replacement by natural gas (up to 90%) of the basic fuel—diesel oil. During the tests, on the basis of the obtained results, the influence of the diesel fuel/CNG exchange ratio under various engine operating conditions on the concentration of toxic CO2, CO, NO, NO2, CH4, C2H6, NMHC, NH3 and exhaust smoke was assessed. The test results confirm that, compared to conventional fueling, the diesel/CNG-fueled engine allows for a significant reduction in CO2 concentration even in a car operated for several years with diesel fuel and with high mileage. The use of a non-factory installation significantly increased the concentration of methane CH4, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon monoxide CO in the exhaust gas. It was found that the smoke content and the temperature of exhaust gases did not decrease with increasing ratio of fuel replacement. The concentration of CO, NOX, CH4 and NMHC was increased, while the concentration of CO2, C2H6, NH3 and the consumption of diesel fuel by the engine, decreased significantly. The innovation of the research is based on the use of a modern and unique engine gas fuel system control system where the original fuel supply system with unit pumps is able to reduce diesel oil consumption by up to 90%.
In times of increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere from the automotive sector, engineers and researchers are finding effective solutions to achieve this goal. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine or reducing the carbon content in the fuel burned. The combination of both of these assumptions can be the use of modern dual-fuel systems for diesel engines in which the pilot dose of highly reactive fuel is hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), which is an ecological substitute for diesel oil. The topic of the use of HVO as a pilot fuel is empirically unexplored, however the available information on it indicates the validity of such applications.
The article presents the justification for the necessity to use chassis dynamometers in the tuning process of dual-fuel trucks. The research system used and the research methodology are presented. The research results present the approach to solving problems related to setting the technical (physical) data of the tested vehicle on the dynamometer, selection of the vehicle engine operation range, the impact of the value of the forced load on the vehicle drive axle, selection of the dyno operation mode for the expected tasks and the impact of the correctness of the selection of the scope of the analysis of data on losses in the drive system. The article shows the above-mentioned influence on the test results on the dynamometer and on the tuning results. The article closes with a conclusion detailing prospects for developing the presented results.
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