A review of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell cathode materials with respect to their resistance to the effects of chromium poisoning

Harrison, Christopher Michael; Slater, Peter R.; Steinberger‐Wilckens, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115410

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…Here, volatile Cr species can form at the interconnects and accumulate on the cathode. Even though the effect has been studied intensively, the mechanism of Cr deposition is still under discussion [44,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Total Pressure and Furnace Tube Material on the Oxidation of T22 in Humidified Air

Schlereth

Galetz

2021

Oxid Met

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Oxidation of the Fe-base alloy T22 in humid air at 500 °C was investigated. The samples were exposed for up to 1000 h at 1 bar and 20 bar. The influence of three furnace tube materials, alumina, ET45 and quartz glass, on the oxide scale morphology was investigated. Samples and their cross sections were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Multilayered oxide scales consisting of hematite, magnetite and Fe–Cr spinel were found on all samples. However, the composition and morphology of the oxide scales depend on the furnace tube material and on the system pressure. The system pressure is assumed to change the reaction equilibria and adsorption rates. The tube material changed the initial gas composition by formation of volatile Cr species. This volatilization rate increased at higher system pressures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Total Pressure and Furnace Tube Material on the Oxidation of T22 in Humidified Air

Schlereth

Galetz

2021

Oxid Met

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“…[23] It is suggested that cathodic polarization accelerated the Cr-poisoning by the fast Mn 2+ diffusion in LSM and the fast Sr diffusion in LSCF. [5,12] To improve the Cr tolerance of the cathode for an O-SOFC, a surface modification of electrodes with a rationally designed catalyst coating has been extensively adopted. [1,12,32,33] For example, Sr-free K 2 NiF 4 -type rare-earth nickelate catalyst coating, La 2 NiO 4+δ, [34] Nd 2 NiO 4+δ, and Pr 2 NiO 4+δ, [33] have been considered to be more Cr resistant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrochemical performance and durability of PCFCs are greatly restricted by the large polarization resistance from the cathode due to the sluggish electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). [5][6][7][8][9] Shao et al designed a self-assembled triple conducting nanocomposite cathode BaCo 0.7 (Ce 0.8 Y 0.2 ) 0.3 O 3-δ for PCFCs, producing a peak power density of 0.508 W cm -2 without noticeable performance degradation for over 812 h at 550 °C in clean air without any contaminations. [10] Under practical operating conditions, one of the most severe degradations occurring on the cathode is its poor durability, resulting from the poisoning effect by contaminants, [11][12][13][14] which is therefore of great significance in a commercial PCFCs stack.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface Regulating of a Double‐Perovskite Electrode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells to Enhance Oxygen Reduction Activity and Contaminants Poisoning Tolerance

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are one of the most efficient energy conversion devices. However, the performance of current PCFCs is greatly limited by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and the fast degradation of the cathode due to contaminants poisoning (such as Cr species and steam). Here, a surface regulation of a double perovskite PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF) cathode by a Pr0.9Fe0.7Co0.3O3 (PFC) catalyst coating to enhance the ORR activity and stability is reported. When tested in direct contact with Cr in the air with 3% H2O at 650 °C, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the PFC coated PBSCF (PFC‐PBSCF) electrode increases from ≈0.39 to 0.45 Ω cm2 after 100 h operation; in contrast, the Rp of a PBSCF electrode increases from 0.63 to 0.82 Ω cm2. Further, a PCFC with the PFC‐PBSCF cathode demonstrates an excellent peak power density (≈1.08 W cm–2 at 650 °C) and significantly enhanced durability (degradation rate of 0.03% h−1), much better than those of the cells with a PBSCF cathode (≈0.75 W cm–2 and degradation rate of 0.12% h−1). Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the PFC catalyst coating diminishes the formation of Cr species, such as (Ba1‐xSrx)CrO4, on the cathode surface.

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“…There are various excellent reviews and books available in the literature covering certain cell types, cell components, materials, manufacturing or mode of operation. [ 16,17,21–41 ] These articles provide detailed insights into reaction mechanisms, nanoscale material properties, degradation phenomena, and economics of operation to name just a few. The aim of this article is to present an overview of investigated material combinations and the obtained range of performance of planar SOCs, facilitating the assessment of the general potential of the cell types also for nonexperts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Benchmark of Planar Solid Oxide Cells Based on Material Development and Designs

et al. 2021

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Solid oxide cell (SOC) technology currently attracts great attention due to its unique potential for substantially contributing to a carbon‐neutral power supply. The variety in possible designs and applications—covering oxygen ion and proton conductors and the ability to convert surplus electricity to easily storable synthetic fuels, as well as to produce electricity from these fuels according to demand and availability—provides the excellent position of SOCs with regard to decentralized power generation and distribution. Herein, a reference work on cell performance is provided by highlighting specific advantages of the different cell types, designs, and materials with regard to certain operating conditions, including challenges concerning operational modes, processing, and degradation. In conjunction with a critical examination in terms of relevance and technical feasibility, the data provided enable an assessment of the general potential of the cell types for technology development and connect scientific research to industrial considerations.

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A review of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell cathode materials with respect to their resistance to the effects of chromium poisoning

Cited by 52 publications

References 254 publications

Effect of Total Pressure and Furnace Tube Material on the Oxidation of T22 in Humidified Air

Effect of Total Pressure and Furnace Tube Material on the Oxidation of T22 in Humidified Air

Surface Regulating of a Double‐Perovskite Electrode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells to Enhance Oxygen Reduction Activity and Contaminants Poisoning Tolerance

Performance Benchmark of Planar Solid Oxide Cells Based on Material Development and Designs

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