A Review of Rock Bolt Monitoring Using Smart Sensors

Song, Gangbing; Li, Weijie; Wang, Bo; Ho, Siu Chun Michael

doi:10.3390/s17040776

Cited by 112 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Bolts are vital to the advancement of underground excavation in engineering work, such as subway tunnels and coal mines, as they connect broken rock mass, enhance the stability of underground coal mine roadways and surrounding rock, and reduce the occurrence of rock burst . In countries such as China where huge amount of coal is mined, problems of roof falling (roof collapse), land subsidence, and collapse result in a series of secondary disasters, directly threatening production, and life safety .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and correction of the stress in an anchor bolt based on Pulse Pre‐Pumped Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis

Liu

Chai

Chen

et al. 2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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Bolt is an important connection in underground construction and monitoring its stress characteristics is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of bolt. The strain information collected along a rock bolt reveals the long-term movement characteristics of rock mass, which greatly helps toward disaster prevention and risk warning.Grooving on the surface of a bolt and embedding an optical fiber is one of the main methods for monitoring the anchorage performance and stress distribution around the bolt in underground engineering. In this study, Pulse Pre-Pumped Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (PPP-BOTDA) technology is used to evaluate the stress, axial force, and shear stress distribution of the bolt under tensile load for different types (grooved and nongrooved) of bolts embedded in concrete with resin as anchoring agent. The results show that the PPP-BOTDA sensor can be used to monitor the stress state of the bolt embedded in concrete with resin as anchoring agent when the bolt is subjected to a tensile force. However, the apparent stress value measured in this way is not the actual stress value of the bolt, but is an increased value caused due to the groove. The closer to the exposed end of the bolt, the greater is the deviation between the apparent stress value and the actual stress value of the bolt. Based on the monitoring results from this experimental study, a stress reduction calculation method is proposed, which can change the measured value into the actual stress of the bolt. K E Y W O R D Saxial force, bolt, PPP-BOTDA technology, pullout test, shear stress 2012 |

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and correction of the stress in an anchor bolt based on Pulse Pre‐Pumped Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis

Liu

Chai

Chen

et al. 2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…The detection method for the quality of the anchor will be gradually replaced by the use of non-destructive testing methods, such as the acoustic wave method [7][8][9][10] . This method is established based on the mathematical model of the one-dimensional elastic rod [11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolt Detection Signal Analysis Method Based on ICEEMD

Guo

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

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The construction quality of the bolt is directly related to the safety of the project, and as such, it must be tested. In this paper, the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMD) method is introduced to the bolt detection signal analysis. The ICEEMD is used in order to decompose the anchor detection signal according to the approximate entropy of each intrinsic mode function (IMF). The noise of the IMFs is eliminated by the wavelet soft threshold de-noising technique. Based on the approximate entropy, and the wavelet de-noising principle, the ICEEMD-De anchor signal analysis method is proposed. From the analysis of the vibration analog signal, as well as the bolt detection signal, the result shows that the ICEEMD-De method is capable of correctly separating the different IMFs under noisy conditions, and also that the IMF can effectively identify the reflection signal of the end of the bolt.

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“…In recent decades, different types of instruments and techniques have been utilized for structural damage detection and health monitoring. These techniques can be classified into acoustic emission [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], electromagnetic techniques [14,15], ultrasonic inspection [16][17][18], microscopy [19], sensors [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and thermography [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. For example, Santosa monitored the impact damage on fiberglass composite plates based on surface lava wave propagation [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Impact Damage on PVA-ECC Beam Using Infrared Thermography

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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The main purpose of the current research is to pilot study the impact damage detection in a beam structure using infrared thermography. In this study, a beam structure, made of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineering cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) was subjected to multiple low-velocity impacts at a constant energy level. After each impact, the structure was heated by means of halogen lamp, and acquisition of thermal images was conducted simultaneously. Sequences of thermal images were acquired with starting and ending time sets so as to include the entire evolution of thermal phenomenon, during both heating to cooling processes. Based on the relationship between the damage and the temperature variation under the thermal excitation, different damages in the impacted structures were analyzed in the thermographs. Through experimental investigation, the results demonstrated that different degrees of damage correspond to different infrared thermal characteristics. The generation and evolution of thermal signatures revealed the initiation and propagation of impact damages. It further illustrated that the proposed method is an innovative and effective approach to detect impact damage.

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A Review of Rock Bolt Monitoring Using Smart Sensors

Cited by 112 publications

References 63 publications

Monitoring and correction of the stress in an anchor bolt based on Pulse Pre‐Pumped Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis

Monitoring and correction of the stress in an anchor bolt based on Pulse Pre‐Pumped Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis

Bolt Detection Signal Analysis Method Based on ICEEMD

Detection of Impact Damage on PVA-ECC Beam Using Infrared Thermography

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