A Review of Recent Developments in Mechanical Properties of Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites

Saharudin, Mohd Shahneel; Hasbi, Syafawati; Nazri, Muhammad Naguib Ahmad

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5753-8_11

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The unique structure and properties of natural aluminosilicates provide wide opportunities for the creation of a number of multifunctional polymeric materials. Polymer/clay nanocomposites show a sharp improvement in strength and modulus of elasticity, 1 heat and fire resistance 2 and gas permeability, 3 even with a lower clay content compared to other nanofilled polymer systems. Composites for water purification, 4 new ecologically safe adsorbents for environmental restoration, 5 biomedical materials, 6 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To solve this problem clays are pre-modified using some of the following techniques: clay cations are replaced by organic cations by way of ion exchange; water-soluble polymers, alkyl ketones, methyl acrylate, surfactants, are adsorbed on the surface of the particles; organosilanes are grafted to the clay surface with the formation of the Si-O-Si bonds; organic molecules capable of van der Waals or ion-dipole interaction with the clay surface are introduced, etc. 1,7,8 The nature of the packaging of the modifier molecules in the interlayer space determines the organophilicity of clays and the value of increase in the distance between the silicate plates, and, as a result, the structure of nanocomposites when mixed them with polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermally and organomodified montmorillonite as effective regulators of the structure formation process in polypropylene/polystyrene blends

Budash

Резанова

Plavan

et al. 2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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The influence of the concentration of thermally and organomodified montmorillonite on the processes of structure formation in a blend of polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) was studied. It is established that in nanofilled compositions, as well as in the original, is formed a microfibrillar structure, the dimensional characteristics of which depend on the content of the additive and the method of its modification. The investigated clays by content (0.2–2.0) wt. % by weight of polypropylene have a compatibilizing effect in the blend of PP/PS, which reduces the average diameter of microfibers by 1.6 times and increases the homogeneity of their distribution by diameter: statistical indicators decrease (standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation). The modifying effect of thermally modified clay is higher—the improvement of the dimensional characteristics of PP microfibers is achieved at its minimum content in the blend (0.2 wt. %). The formation of anisotropic PP structures in the PS matrix and the relaxation of the accumulated stresses at the exit of the molding hole is the main factor that causes high values of the coefficient of swelling of the extrudates (4.0–7.7). The change in the microstructure of the extrudates of nanofilled systems during spinning depends on the composition of the blend and the method of modification of montmorillonite. The average diameters of microfibers decrease from 2.2 μm (in the original blend) to (1.3–2.0) μm (in three-component) depending on the content of additives. The ability to regulate the microstructure of incompatible polymer blends by introducing additives of thermally and organomodified montmorillonite will contribute to the creation of nanocomposites with controlled morphology, as well as new fine-fiber materials with improved filtering characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally and organomodified montmorillonite as effective regulators of the structure formation process in polypropylene/polystyrene blends

Budash

Резанова

Plavan

et al. 2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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“…Moreover, research indicates that when composite nanotechnology is combined with polymer materials, it not only preserves or enhances the inherent properties of polymers but also can give rise to unexpectedly new characteristics. 11 Among common nanomaterials, nanoclay (a twodimensional nanomaterial composed of silicate) has attracted significant research attention due to its low cost, 12 high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical properties, natural strong interaction with polymers, 13 and barrier properties. 14 The outstanding mechanical properties of nanoclay stem from its robust interlayer structure arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among common nanomaterials, nanoclay (a two‐dimensional nanomaterial composed of silicate) has attracted significant research attention due to its low cost, 12 high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical properties, natural strong interaction with polymers, 13 and barrier properties 14 . The outstanding mechanical properties of nanoclay stem from its robust interlayer structure arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the thermomechanical and interfacial behaviors of polymer‐clay nanocomposites via coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations

Nie,

Liao,

Ghazanfari

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Polymer‐clay nanocomposites (PCNs) are commonly applied as multi‐functional structural materials with exceptional thermomechanical properties, while maintaining the characteristics of lightweight and optical clarity. In this study, building upon previously developed coarse‐grained (CG) models for nanoclay and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), we employ molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to systematically investigate the thermomechanical properties of PCNs when arranged in stacked configurations. Incorporating stacked clay nanofillers into a polymer matrix, we systematically conduct shear and tensile simulations to investigate the influences of variations in weight percentage, system temperature, and nanoclay size on the thermomechanical properties of PCNs at a fundamental level. The weight percentage of nanoclay in nanocomposites proves to have a significant influence on both the shear and Young's modulus (e.g., the addition of 10 Wt% nanoclay leads to an increase of 32.6% in the Young's modulus), with each exhibiting greater mechanical strength in the in‐plane direction compared to the out‐of‐plane direction, and the disparity between these two directions further widens with an increase in the weight percentage of nanoclay. Furthermore, the increase in the size of nanoclay contributes to an overall modulus enhancement in the composite while the growth reaches a saturation point after a certain threshold of about 10 nm. Our simulation results indicate that the overall dynamics of PMMA are suppressed due to the strong interactions between nanoclay and PMMA, where the confinement effect on local segmental dynamics of PMMA decays from the nanoclay‐polymer interface to the polymer matrix. Our findings provide valuable molecular‐level insights into microstructural and dynamical features of PCNs under deformation, emphasizing the pivotal role of clay‐polymer interface in influencing the thermomechanical properties of the composite materials.Highlights CG modeling is performed to explore the thermomechanical behavior of PCN. Effects of nanoclay weight percentage and size on modulus are studied. Interface leads to nanoconfinement effect on Tg and molecular stiffness. Correlations between molecular stiffness and modulus are identified. Simulations show spatial variation of dynamical heterogeneity.

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“…In recent years, organic modified MMT (OMMT) has been applied extensively in combination with natural polymers such as PLA [18]. Studies had provided evidence that the gas barrier and mechanical [19] and thermal properties of clay-polymer nanocomposites are significantly improved upon the introduction of even a small amount of clay (0.5 wt %) [20]. Recently, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/MMT nanocomposites have been fabricated, and the material exhibited excellent gas barrier properties, high transparency, and low sensitivity to humidity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Novel PLA/OMMT Films with Improved Gas Barrier and Mechanical Properties by Intercalating OMMT Interlayer with High Gas Barrier Polymers

et al. 2021

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Polymer/clay composites are an innovative class of materials. In this study, we present a facile method for the preparation of biodegradable and robust PLA/organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) composite films with excellent gas barrier performance. When the design of PLA/OMMT composite films, in addition to making OMMT have good intercalation effect in the matrix, the compatibility of intercalating polymer and matrix should also be considered. In this work, two polymers with high gas barrier properties, namely poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), were selected to intercalate OMMT. The morphology and microstructures of the prepared PLA/PVA/OMMT and PLA/EVOH/OMMT composites were characterized by the X-ray diffraction measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that the good dispersibility of PVA in the PLA matrix, rather than the intercalation effect, was responsible for the improved gas barrier and mechanical properties of PLA/PVA/OMMT composite. The elongation at break increases from 4.5% to 22.7% when 1 wt % PVA is added to PLA/OMMT. Moreover, gas barrier of PLA/PVA1/OMMT measured as O2 permeability is 52.8% higher than that of neat PLA. This work provides a route to intercalate OMMT interlayer with high gas barrier polymers and thus can be a useful reference to fabricate PLA/OMMT composites with improved gas barrier and mechanical properties. A comparison of oxygen permeabilities with existing commercial packaging films indicates that the biodegradable PLA/PVA/OMMT may serve as a viable substitute for packaging film applications.

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A Review of Recent Developments in Mechanical Properties of Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Thermally and organomodified montmorillonite as effective regulators of the structure formation process in polypropylene/polystyrene blends

Thermally and organomodified montmorillonite as effective regulators of the structure formation process in polypropylene/polystyrene blends

Insights into the thermomechanical and interfacial behaviors of polymer‐clay nanocomposites via coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations

Design of Novel PLA/OMMT Films with Improved Gas Barrier and Mechanical Properties by Intercalating OMMT Interlayer with High Gas Barrier Polymers

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