A review of rare earth minerals flotation: Monazite and xenotime

Chelgani, S. Chehreh; Rudolph, Martin; Leistner, Tom; Gutzmer, Jens; Peuker, Urs A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2015.09.002

Cited by 91 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…5 The first there minerals are known as the commercial REE mineral sources which contribute to almost 95% the world's reserves of REEs: bastnasite (70-75% REO), monazite (55-60% REO) and xenotime (55-60% REO). [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Notably, most of xenotime minerals are discovered alongside with monazite with an estimated amount of 0.5-5.0% concentration of xenotime in monazite. [24][25] Besides, ion-adsorption clays (i.e., weather crust elution deposit rare earths) are also considered as one of the major types of REE ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

Suli

Ibrahim

Aziz

et al. 2017

Chem. Eng. Res. Bull.

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Abstract:The recent technological advancement has made the rare earth elements (REEs) more significant and they in turn have facilitated the culmination of more new technological applications owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this regard, renewable energy applications such as wind turbine and hybrid cars testify to the increasing demands on permanent magnet in the future. Considering such increasing demands on REEs, it is felt necessary to identify alternative producers of REEs outside of China as one of the measures to create a fair competition and control the price on the market. It is worth highlighting that the separation of rare earth can be both complex and challenging owing to similar properties which are shared by them. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review and summarize the rare earth processing routes, the mostly employed rare earth separation methods, supply and demand of rare earth around the world and some possible scenarios in rare earth market. This review has critically looked into a few authors' recent reviews on six major processes of rare earth processing steps and each step is considered as important to produce both high quality and better quantity of REEs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

Suli

Ibrahim

Aziz

et al. 2017

Chem. Eng. Res. Bull.

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“…One vantage point of these investigations focuses on discovering collectors aimed at improving RE minerals flotation. Hence, the effectiveness of various collectors bearing carboxylic, hydroxamic and phosphorous acid functional groups, towards bastnäsite and monazite RE minerals has been studied over the past recent years [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium oleate, for instance, was found to outperform oleic acid in terms of floatability [11]. Also, phthalic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with benzene ring, exhibited superior affinity to bastnäsite as compared with monazite to separate them effectively [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, benzoic acid enabled separation of monazite form bastnäsite by adding potassium alum as a depressant for monazite [13]. The mechanism purported in the uptake for this collector is chemisorption between its carboxyl group and predominantly hydroxylated active-center REE of the mineral surface [8,11,14,15]. Following COOH deprotonation, the carboxylate conjugate-base anion is thought to possibly interact with the mineral surface via nascent bonds of its carbonyl group (C O), of its deprotonated hydroxyl group or of both [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A specific feature of such oxhydryl collectors is their ability to form metal coordination complexes by acting as bi-dentate ligands with various metal cations, such as transition, lanthanide and actinide metal ions [16]. Because of higher stability of the hydroxamate-metal complexes formed with RE cations at the surface of bastnäsite and monazite, these collectors showcase superior flotation selectivity of RE minerals in comparison with fatty acids [8,11]. The increased stability of hydroxamic acid-containing collectors versus fatty acid ones stems from the presence, in the former, of a more electronegative nitrogen atom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ionic-liquid collectors for rare-earth minerals flotation⿿Case of tetrabutylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphate for monazite and bastnäsite recovery

Azizi

Larachi

Latifi

2016

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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A beneficiation study to recover xenotime minerals from rich‐iron‐silicate ores

Nguyen,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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The Yen Phu (YP) rare‐earth mine, located in Yen Bai, Vietnam, currently reserves 28,000 tons of total rare earth oxides (TREO) with a TREO grade of about 1.16%. A mineralogy study shows the dominance of iron‐oxide‐ and silicate‐bearing minerals in YP ore, whereas xenotime presents as the major rare‐earth metal (REM) bearing mineral. Chemical analyses also exhibit a relatively high proportion of heavy rare earth metals (HREMs) at 41.2%, which suggests the high economic value of YP ores. The factors influencing the flotation involving the pH, the depressant, and the collector dosage were first assessed. Then, a beneficiation flowsheet including grinding, wet magnetic separation, and flotation was recommended and practically conducted to enrich the TREO. The proposed process successfully promoted the TREO grade from 1.16% to 29.70% with a high recovery of 80.31% in the REM concentrates, while a tiny loss of TREO was exhibited in the tailing. The chemical analysis of REM concentrates also demonstrated the conservation of REM composition throughout the beneficiation.

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A review of rare earth minerals flotation: Monazite and xenotime

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

A Review of Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

Ionic-liquid collectors for rare-earth minerals flotation⿿Case of tetrabutylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphate for monazite and bastnäsite recovery

A beneficiation study to recover xenotime minerals from rich‐iron‐silicate ores

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