A review of radiation countermeasure work ongoing at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute

Singh, Vijay K.; Ducey, Elizabeth J.; Brown, Darren S.; Whitnall, Mark H.

doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.652726

Cited by 78 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…The brain, which is a major metabolizer of oxygen with relatively poor protective antioxidant mechanisms, is particularly vulnerable to the ROS. In recent years, research in this field has focused on antioxidant agents that are suitable as radiation countermeasures (13)(14)(15). An effective protective agent against irradiation administered prior to exposure to radiation may protect cells from cellular and molecular injury (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effect of acute melatonin treatment on hippocampal neurons against irradiation by inhibition of caspase-3

Li¹,

Zhang

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Neuronal cell apoptosis is associated with various factors that induce neurological damage, including radiation exposure. When administered prior to exposure to radiation, a protective agent may prevent cellular and molecular injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the caspase cell death pathway. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered melatonin (100 mg/kg body weight) 30 min prior to radiation exposure in red light during the evening. In order to elucidate whether melatonin has a neuroprotective role, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, Nissl staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, reactive oxygen species analysis and western blotting were performed. At 24 h post-melatonin treatment, caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased. These results demonstrated that melatonin may protect hippocampal neurons via the inhibition of caspase-3 when exposed to irradiation. Therefore, caspase-3 inhibition serves a neuroprotective and antioxidant role in the interventional treatment of melatonin. The results of the present study suggested that melatonin may have a potential therapeutic effect against irradiation; however, further studies are required in order to elucidate the underlying antioxidant mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effect of acute melatonin treatment on hippocampal neurons against irradiation by inhibition of caspase-3

Li¹,

Zhang

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…9) Numerous candidate for radiation countermeasures (specifically radioprotectants and radiomitigators) have been identi ed and have been or are currently being developed for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. [13][14][15][16] …”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Radiation-protective Agent Research and Prospects for the Future

Kashiwakura

2017

Jpn. J. Health Phys.

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Since the discovery of X-rays in 1895, radioactivity and its effects on the body have led to the issue of radiation injury. Radiation-related casualties following exposure to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation show severe acute radiation syndromes (ARS) involving bone marrow death and gastrointestinal death. ARS causes a decrease in the peripheral blood cell count and such as severe ARS, the intake of appropriate medications is the most suitable initial treatment. Therefore, the development of effective radiation-protective agent is an important issue against radiological accidents and nuclear threats. In this review, the overview of radiation-protective/mitigative agent development against acute radiation effects (external exposure), as well as our research data, and the prospects for future research have been outlined.

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“…Radiomitigators are agents which are administered after radiation exposure to mitigate the effect of radiation 43 . Sulforaphane, Trichostatin A, Diallyl sulphide and epigallocatechin-3-gallate and other histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown effective radiomitigating activity [44][45][46] .…”

Section: Radiomitigatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Countermeasures: Current Status

et al. 2017

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Deleterious effects of ionising radiation leading to significant morbidity and mortality have been studied elaborately. A range of synthetic, semisynthetic and herbal compounds have been screened as radiation countermeasure agents and a number of promising radiation countermeasure agents are under development. Amifostin is the only drug which has been approved by the United State Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), but that too for use in a defined population under strict medical supervision. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor/filgrastim, γ-tocotrienol, genistein are at an advanced stage of development and are tested on higher animal models as per required norms of FDA. Herbal compounds are also considered very safe and of high value as radiation countermeasure agents owing to various properties like antioxidant, immunomodulation activity etc. Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as Trichostatin A, Diallyl sulphide, Sulforaphane are being viewed as very promising radiomitigating agents by our laboratory and active research in the same direction is going on. Infusion of hematopoietic stem cells and growth factors are in practice as potent therapeutics. This review gives an overview on various radioprotectors, radiomitigators and therapeutic agents either available or under development currently.

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A review of radiation countermeasure work ongoing at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute

Cited by 78 publications

References 136 publications

Neuroprotective effect of acute melatonin treatment on hippocampal neurons against irradiation by inhibition of caspase-3

Neuroprotective effect of acute melatonin treatment on hippocampal neurons against irradiation by inhibition of caspase-3

Overview of Radiation-protective Agent Research and Prospects for the Future

Radiation Countermeasures: Current Status

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