A Review of PTSD in Children

Dyregrov, Atle; Yule, William

doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2005.00384.x

Cited by 165 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Even with the general reduction in the levels of PTSD reactions that tends to occur with time [20,35] and the relatively low numbers with direct exposure, the levels of probable PTSD reported in this study would appear to be high [6][7][8] and in line with rates found in warfare studies of children [2,22]. A number of factors may be relevant to this finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Similar to patterns in adults [6] chronic post-trauma symptoms persist in a substantial sub-group of children and can severely interfere with functioning [20,50,51]. It is important that these children, whose needs may not be fully recognised and under-reported by parents [2], are identified as early as possible and offered effective therapies and support. Our study is one of a growing number of school-based studies that have been organised after single incident traumas for screening and assessing children [16,20] and providing early treatment responses [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher PTSD rates have been reported in relation to specific characteristics of traumatic events, for example rates of 90% have been recorded following exposure to gruesome scenes [21]. In warfare studies of PTSD in children, incidence rates between 25% to 70% are reported depending on type of exposure and type of warfare [2,22]. A number of studies have reported level of exposure and trauma severity as two main risk factors of PTSD [12,[23][24][25].…”

Section: The Omagh Bombingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

McDermott¹,

Duffy²,

Percy³

et al. 2015

Holistic Perspectives on Trauma

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Objective: To assess the extent and nature of psychiatric morbidity among children (aged 8 to 13 years) 15 months after a car bomb explosion in the town of Omagh, Northern Ireland.Method: A survey was conducted of 1945 school children attending 13 schools in the Omagh district. Questionnaires included demographic details, measures of exposure, the Horowitz Impact of Events Scale, the Birleson Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale.Results: Children directly exposed to the bomb reported higher levels of probable PTSD (70%), and psychological distress than those not exposed. Direct exposure was more closely associated with an increase in PTSD symptoms than in general psychiatric distress. Significant predictors of increased IES scores included being male, witnessing people injured and reporting a perceived life threat but when co-morbid anxiety and depression are included as potential predictors anxiety remains the only significant predictor of PTSD scores. Conclusions:School-based studies are a potentially valuable means of screening and assessing for PTSD in children after large-scale tragedies. Assessment should consider type of exposure, perceived life threat and other co-morbid anxiety as risk factors for PTSD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Omagh Bombingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

McDermott¹,

Duffy²,

Percy³

et al. 2015

Holistic Perspectives on Trauma

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“…En un artículo 25 , Liu y cols., plantean que además de analizar la edad de los niños, es relevante estudiar la incidencia de TEPT por curso, considerando que el nivel académico daría cuenta del desarrollo cognitivo de los niños. Respecto al tipo de familia, no se ha encontrado hasta el momento relación entre síntomas de TEPT con la composición familiar 26 , pero sí se ha evidenciado la relación entre TEPT infantil y síntomas de TEPT en los adultos relacionados con el niño 27 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estrés postraumático en escolares a 8 meses del 27F

Ana

et al. 2013

Rev. chil. pediatr.

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“…A large body of literature documents that children exposed to disasters are at risk for developing mental health symptoms (Dogan, 2011; Lai, Alisic, Lewis, & Ronan, 2016; Lai, La Greca, & Llabre, 2014). Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are the primary presenting mental health problem among children after disasters (Dyregrov & Yule, 2006; Furr, Comer, Edmunds, & Kendall, 2010; Lai, Kelley, Harrison, Thompson, & Self-Brown, 2015b; Ponnamperuma & Nicolson, 2016). More research is needed that addresses how to mitigate the mental health consequences of disasters for children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster

Lai

Osborne

Piscitello

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Children are a vulnerable population following a natural disaster, due to their age and dependence on adults. The primary presenting problem children report after disasters is posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Prior research suggests that PTSS is inversely related to social support, which is often disrupted after a disaster. Objective: This study examined the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers) and PTSS in children affected by Hurricane Katrina. The research contributes to the literature by examining the mechanisms that drive this relationship over time. Methods: In this study, 426 children were followed over four timepoints, beginning 3–7 months after Hurricane Katrina and concluding 25–27 months post-hurricane. Three path models analysed the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers, measured by the Social Support Scale for Children) and PTSS (measured by the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index). Covariates included child age, minority status, gender, perceived life threat, and actual life threat. Nonsignificant paths were trimmed from the final models. Global fit indices were examined to determine model fit. Results: In the parent and peer social support models, PTSS exhibited statistically significant effects on social support from one wave to the next. In the teacher model, this was only true between Waves 2 and 3. Social support showed a statistically significant effect on PTSS between Wave 2 and Wave 3 in the peer model (standardized estimate = −0.26, p < .0001). No paths from social support to PTSS were significant in the parent and teacher models. Conclusion: Findings support a social selection model in which PTSS undermine social support, particularly in the first two years post-disaster. If these findings are replicated, this suggests that, in cases of limited funding, PTSS should be prioritized, given their cascading effects on social support.

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A Review of PTSD in Children

Cited by 165 publications

References 88 publications

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

A School Based Study of Psychological Disturbance in Children Following the Omagh Bomb

Estrés postraumático en escolares a 8 meses del 27F

The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster

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