A Review of Preparation Methods for Heterogeneous Catalysts

Abstract

: Catalysts contribute significantly to the industrial revolution in terms of reaction rates and reduction in production costs. An extensive research has been documented in various industrial catalysis in the last few decades. The performance of catalysts has been influenced by many parameters including synthesis methods. The current work overviews the most common methods applied in the synthesis of supported catalysts. This review presents the detailed background, principle and mechanism of each preparation method. The advantages and limitations of each method have also been elaborated in details. In addition, the applications of each method in terms of catalysts synthesis have been documented in the current review paper.

Review—Fundamentals to Applications of MXenes for Biosensing

“…37 Hence, various studies were conducted to discover other chemicals for etching process such as Li et al (2018) explored alkali-based hydrothermal etching process Top-down methods.-This methodology is based upon the fractionation of two or three dimensional massive precursor substance into smaller vital quantum molecules. 40 The maximum topdown synthesis methodology initiates the preliminary oxygen carrying functionalities on the catalyst's top surface creating flaws on it. 41 These defective sites serve as reaction centres to break bulk precursors into small quantum molecules.…”

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“…For a long time, the top-down strategy has been well-established, especially in the synthesis and design of nanomaterials. These methods often involve the cleavage of 2D or 3D bulky precursor material into essential minute quantum particles [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, MoS 2 crystals, WS 2 powder, black phosphorus, g-C 3 N 4 , and other three-dimensional and two-dimensional bulk precursors have been effectively transformed into quantum dots utilizing the top-down technique.…”

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