A review of plastic pollution and their treatment technology: A circular economy platform by thermochemical pathway

Kwon, Gihoon; Cho, Dong-Wan; Park, Juyeong; Bhatnagar, Amit; Song, Hocheol

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.142771

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…With the increasing severity of plastic pollution, there has been a strong interest in biobased plastics from renewable resources. − Polylactic acid (PLA), a biobased polymer derived from renewable resources such as sugar beets and corn starch, is one of the most promising candidates for replacing traditional petrochemical polymers. , Due to its biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical properties, PLA is commonly used in this fields of biomedicine, food packaging, automotive sector, and textiles. − Unfortunately, PLA is a linear polymer with a large number of saturated alkane structures, which poses a highly flammable problem, severely limiting its application in some fields such as automotive interiors and electronics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Ultraviolet Shielding, and Preserved Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with Fully Biobased Multifunctional Additives by a Green Method

Zhong,

Xu,

Niu

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Flammability, slow nucleation rates, and poor UV-shielding limit the widespread use of the bioplastic polylactic acid (PLA). Traditional functional additives usually have the disadvantages of complicated synthesis process, environmental unfriendliness, single function, etc., and after blending with PLA, it will also lead to the degradation of mechanical properties. In this work, fully biobased multifunctional additives (PN) were prepared by a simple and green aqueous phase electrostatic self-assembly method using biobased phytic acid and nicotinamide as monomers. Incorporation of only 2 wt % PN endowed PLA with the limiting oxygen index of 29.0% and the UL-94 rating of V-0, meeting the standard for flame-retardant materials. Flame-retardant mechanisms of PLA/PN composites were mainly gas phase. In addition, the UV protection factor value of PLA was increased to 90.8, showing good UV shielding ability. It was noteworthy that the incorporation of PN increased the nucleation density of PLA, thus maintaining better mechanical properties of PLA. Therefore, this work provides a green and efficient method for the large-scale preparation of fully biobased multifunctional additives, which is expected to expand the application areas of PLA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Ultraviolet Shielding, and Preserved Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with Fully Biobased Multifunctional Additives by a Green Method

Zhong,

Xu,

Niu

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…These results agree with the pyrolysis studies reported by other researchers. [ 26–28 ] Therefore, one can conclude that thermal pyrolysis proceeded through a free‐radical mechanism that leads to saturated products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Plastics Chemical Recycling with Table Salt

Shaker,

Kumar,

Saffron

et al. 2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Chemical recycling enables plastics to be a part of the circular economy as it can cope with contaminated as well as mixed plastics waste. Herein, two important discoveries are reported. One innovation is the use of table salt (NaCl) to facilitate the low temperature pyrolysis of polyolefins comprised of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP) at the ratio of (4:2:2:3), respectively, thus enabling the efficient recycling of these mixed plastics. For comparative analysis, two different Pt catalysts as well as a control are investigated. Compared to the control, the use of table salt at 10 wt.% increased both the oil and gas contents by 80% and enabled 100% conversion to gas and oil without producing any undesirable wax. The second innovation is that metallized plastics are successfully pyrolyzed with table salt with excellent conversion efficiencies. The obtained oil fraction is further characterized using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). In addition, the re‐use of salt, the effect of salt particle size and effect of the wt.% are explored. The thermal properties of the wax (solid) are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Economic estimation revealed a 3.5‐fold increase in revenue can be generated by the novel method as compared to pyrolysis without any salt. In contrast, pyrolysis with a conventional Pt/alumina system incurs huge losses. These findings suggest that table salt can offer a transformative approach toward an inexpensive (4 cents per kg) and efficient pyrolysis methodology for the conversion of mixed plastics waste to useful hydrocarbon products.

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“…47,48 However, the efficiency of large-scale thermochemical treatment for plastic waste is still limited. 49,50 To enhance the conversion efficiency of waste plastics, Hu et al introduced chemical cyclic redox technology into the thermochemical treatment process. 51 They employed a cyclic process involving Fe and Fe 2 AlO x to achieve a syngas concentration of 92.84%.…”

Section: Molecular Structures Of Hard-to-degrade Plastics and Their R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in catalysis for plastic resource utilization

Chen,

Bai,

Peng

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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A review of plastic pollution and their treatment technology: A circular economy platform by thermochemical pathway

Cited by 29 publications

References 165 publications

Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Ultraviolet Shielding, and Preserved Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with Fully Biobased Multifunctional Additives by a Green Method

Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Ultraviolet Shielding, and Preserved Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with Fully Biobased Multifunctional Additives by a Green Method

Revolutionizing Plastics Chemical Recycling with Table Salt

Advancements in catalysis for plastic resource utilization

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