A review of plant leaf fungal diseases and its environment speciation

Abstract

There is increasing difficulty in identifying new plant leaf diseases as a result of environmental change. There is a need to identify the factors influencing the emergence and the increasing incidences of these diseases. Here, we present emerging fungal plant leaf diseases and describe their environmental speciation. We considered the factors controlling for local adaptation associated with environmental speciation. We determined that the advent of emergent fungal leaf diseases is closely connected to environmental speciation. Fungal pathogens targeting the leaves may adversely affect the entire plant body. To mitigate the injury caused by these pathogens, it is necessary to be able to detect and identify them early in the infection process. In this way, their distribution, virulence, incidence, and severity could be attenuated.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metagenomics for taxonomy profiling: tools and approaches

“…Here, a metatranscriptomic approach was utilized to decide the impact of an in situ reenacted worldwide warming situation on C. quitensis plants. We found a huge number of differentially communicated qualities effectively explained (2997), recommending that climate alter tweaks the metatranscriptome of C. quitensis plants and related endophytes and epiphytes [77][78][79].…”

New Insights into Detection of a Dendrobine Compound From a Novel Endophytic Trichoderma longibrachiatum Strain and Its Toxicity Against Phytopathogenic Bacteria

“…Endophytic fungus has also been described to produce active enzymes and metabolites, which may be used to produce pharmaceutical products. Endophytic fungus can form a consortium of unstable carbon-based complexes (aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcohols, heterocycles, thioesters, thioalcohols, phenols, and their byproducts) through substantial antimicrobial actions counter to plants and human pathogens (Manganyi et al, 2018;Jain et al, 2019). Most researchers are investigating the diversity and functional characteristics of fungal endophytes as biocontrol.…”

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi and Their Pathogenicity Evaluation Against Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale

“…This paper is the first report on the cross-transmission of T. longibrachiatum (ZF05) from inoculated tissues to uninoculated tissues confirmed by re-isolated from host plant segments that fulfilled the Koch postulates. Colletotrichum, Fusarium, and Trichoderma include morphologically similar taxa that are commonly found as endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens [13][14][15].…”

“…Commonly, fungal endophytes have functions ranging from latent pathogens to mutualistic symbionts. Reliant on the host genome type, some endophytic fungi may be pathogenic in stressed hosts, whereas they can be helpful in other conditions due to conditional pathogenic properties [15]. In the environment, orchids are chiefly dependent on these fungal endophytes for their nourishment and propagation along with the succeeding seedling (protocorm) phases.…”