A review of piezoelectric polymers as functional materials for electromechanical transducers

Ramadan, Khaled; Sameoto, Dan; Evoy, Stéphane

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/23/3/033001

Cited by 817 publications

(632 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…More recently, these materials have gained attention for a different reason, as they can present piezoelectric properties [10][11][12], and thus can be used as sensors, actuators for artificial muscles, and other applications [13][14][15][16]. Whether block copolymers are used for their mechanical or electrical properties, there is a need to control their morphology [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological evolution of block copolymer nanocomposites submitted to extensional flows

Amurin¹,

Carastan²,

Demarquette³

2016

Journal of Rheology

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In this work, the effect of extensional flow on the morphology of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers and their clay-containing nanocomposites was evaluated. Four types of SEBS copolymers with different block compositions and cylindrical morphology were chosen to understand the effects of cylinder orientation and state of clay dispersion on the evolution of morphology during extensional flow. The effect of clay concentration (ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 wt. %) was also studied. The samples were subjected to extensional flow using a Sentmanat extensional rheometer attached to a rotational rheometer at Hencky strain rates varying from 0.01 to 20 s À1 . Small angle X-ray scattering analysis was subsequently performed to evaluate the morphological changes caused by extensional flow. When preoriented block copolymers [SEBS-30% PS (polystyrene)] and their nanocomposites undergo elongation, the styrene cylinders and clay nanoparticles align themselves in the flow direction and their rheological behavior and morphological evolution are influenced by the stretching direction (longitudinal and transverse), strain rate magnitude, clay concentration, and dispersion state of the clay nanoparticles. When isotropic block copolymers (SEBS-13% PS) undergo elongation, it was observed that the PS cylinders only exhibit structural alignment in the stretching direction in the presence of clay. Block copolymer molecules can exhibit different relaxation times depending upon the volume fraction of PS domains (13% or 30%). The addition of clay, however, hinders complete relaxation, helping to promote a permanent domain alignment after flow cessation, especially in hard-to-align copolymers. V C 2016 The Society of Rheology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological evolution of block copolymer nanocomposites submitted to extensional flows

Amurin¹,

Carastan²,

Demarquette³

2016

Journal of Rheology

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“…PVDF is suitable for the high-temperature environment because it is one of the super engineering plastics, and it has good heat resistance properties (the melting point: 150170°C). 24), 25) We measured the electric power-output of the PVEHs by the customdesigned apparatus. Furthermore, the d 33 values of the heattreated harvester were measured to determine the depolarization temperature (T d ) of NKN particles, and the relationship between electric power-output and the T d was also investigated.…”

Section: )10)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature property of flexible polyvinylidene fluoride/(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 vibration energy harvester

Matsubara¹,

Fuchigami

Kakimoto

2017

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Flexible polyvinylidene fluoride/(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 (PVDF/NKN) composite harvester was first characterized at high temperature. The origin of high flexibility is the unique structure assembled by alternately stacking four-sheets and three-fabrics (4-3 harvester). The 4-3 harvester was fabricated by uniformly dispersing piezoelectric NKN particles within a PVDF-sheet and a PVDF-fabric layer. Electric power-output of the 4-3 harvester was measured by using a custom-designed apparatus in the temperature range from 25 to 150°C and was compared with that of PVDF/BaTiO 3 (BT) harvester. The PVDF/NKN 4-3 harvesters and PVDF/BT 4-3 harvesters showed significantly different temperature dependences in the temperature range from 25 to 150°C. Electric power-output obtained at 25°C by applying an oscillation at 75 Hz in the thickness direction for the PVDF/ NKN 4-3 harvesters and PVDF/BT 4-3 harvesters were 5.7 and 3.5 nW/cm 2 per an amplitude, respectively. In particular, at temperature above 130°C, the PVDF/NKN 4-3 harvester showed a stable output performance from 3.3 to 3.8 nW/cm 2 , whereas the PVDF/BT 4-3 harvester demonstrated no electric power-output. Thus, the harvester composed of high T C piezoelectric particles such as NKN is suitable as a vibration energy harvester operated under high-temperature environment.

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“…Ramadan et al [166] provided a comprehensive review of piezoelectric polymers as functional materials for electromechanical transducers, and compared them with common inorganic piezoelectric materials. However, so far only PVDF and its popular copolymer poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) have been used in microfluidics.…”

Section: Electrostrictive Ferroelectric Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

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Microfluidic devices have not yet evolved into commercial off-the-shelf products. Although highly integrated microfluidic structures, also known as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micrototal-analysis-system (lTAS) devices, have consistently been predicted to revolutionize biomedical assays and chemical synthesis, they have not entered the market as expected. Studies have identified a lack of standardization and integration as the main obstacles to commercial breakthrough. Soft microfluidics, the utilization of a broad spectrum of soft materials (i.e., polymers) for realization of microfluidic components, will make a significant contribution to the proclaimed growth of the LOC market. Recent advances in polymer science developing novel stimulus-active soft-matter materials may further increase the popularity and spreading of soft microfluidics. Stimulus-active polymers and composite materials change shape or exert mechanical force on surrounding fluids in response to electric, magnetic, light, thermal, or water/solvent stimuli. Specifically devised actuators based on these materials may have the potential to facilitate integration significantly and hence increase the operational advantage for the end-user while retaining costeffectiveness and ease of fabrication. This review gives an overview of available actuation concepts that are based on functional polymers and points out promising concepts and trends that may have the potential to promote the commercial success of microfluidics.

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A review of piezoelectric polymers as functional materials for electromechanical transducers

Cited by 817 publications

References 112 publications

Morphological evolution of block copolymer nanocomposites submitted to extensional flows

Morphological evolution of block copolymer nanocomposites submitted to extensional flows

High-temperature property of flexible polyvinylidene fluoride/(Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub> vibration energy harvester

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

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