A Review of Partial Transmit Sequence for PAPR Reduction in the OFDM Systems

Abstract

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a superior technology for the high-speed data rate of wire-line and wireless communication systems. The OFDM has many advantages over other techniques such as its high capacity and immunity against multipath fading channels. However, one of the main drawbacks of the OFDM system is the high-peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that leads the system to produce in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation because of the non-linearity of the high-power amplifiers. Therefore, numerous techniques have been proposed to overcome the PAPR problem such as selective mapping, partial transmit sequence (PTS), clipping, and nonlinear companding. In this paper, the PTS technique was analytically reviewed as one of the important methods to reduce the high PAPR problem. The PAPR performance and the computational complexity level are discussed in terms of modifying the PTS technique in the frequency domain, time domain and modulation stage (inverse fast Fourier transform block). Moreover, the numerical statistic comparison of the current modified-PTS methods is introduced, and the criteria for selecting the suitable modified-PTS method in the OFDM system are also given. The simulation and the numerical calculations results show that the rows exchange-interleaving PTS scheme is the best method for reducing the PAPR value with low complexly in the frequency domain, and the cooperative PTS method is the best among the modulation stage methods, while the cyclic shift sequence PTS method achieves the superior performance in PAPR reduction and computational complexity for the time domain methods.

PAPR Reduction With Mixed-Numerology OFDM

“…The well-known PAPR reduction methods for singlenumerology OFDM, such as iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) [4], partial transmit sequence [5], selected mapping [6], and tone reservation [7] do not consider INI and are thus limited in performance. Different windowing-or filteringbased spectrum enhancement techniques, in turn, are widely considered for suppressing INI, but do not consider the PAPR problem.…”

Performance Investigation of Peak Shrinking and Interpolating the PAPR Reduction Technique for LTE-Advance and 5G Signals

“…where number of PSI loops is shown by RP, and by assuming that RP = 10, number of required bits for PSI loop can be calculated as: n mul,Boarders = 20bits (15) From (8) to (15), total computational complexity of PSI technique and CF technique can be calculated, and Table 4 presents a comparison in computational complexity among some the most popular CFR techniques. It should be noted that for techniques of PTS [18,[38][39][40], SLM based techniques [20,36,41], the set ups of the algorithms are considered in a way that the PAPR reduction performance is comparable with the PSI technique. This means that number of IDFT processed in both mentioned categories, is considered to be 16, and the length of the signal is considered to be 1024, which indicates the number of bts for storing the phases that are multiplied into the input signal [17,41].…”

Evaluation of OFDM Channel Sounding Techniques with Three Modulation Sequences

“…Due to the large number of independently modulated subcarriers in an OFDM system, the peak power value can be very high as compared to the average power. High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) leads to inband distortion and out-of-band spurious due to the non-linearity of the high-power amplifiers [21] and can be a drawback in OFDM systems. (17) Using the "CCDF Graf Monitor" tool of the "IQ producer" MatLab routine, the relation between the peak power and the average power can be obtained.…”