A review of optic neuropathies

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and hematologic malignancy: a systematic review of case reports and case series

“…Anterior ischemic neuropathy and hematologic malignancy-Sousa et al and diabetes). 1 In 13 (68%) patients, there was no concurrent systemic medical illnesses assumed as potential risk factors for NAION. Table 2 summarizes the systemic diseases of remaining patients, beside the hematologic neoplasm.…”

“…1 The ischemic injury may be localized to the anterior part of the optic nerve (anterior ischemic optic neuropathy [AION]) or to its retrobulbar portion (posterior ischemic optic neuropathy). There are 2 causes of AION: arteritic and nonarteritic.…”

“…The first is related to giant cell arteritis and represents 5%À10% of the cases, and the latter accounts for the remaining 90%À95% of cases. [1][2][3] Although the exact mechanism is not understood completely, the proposed cause of nonarteritic AION (NAION) is ischemia of the optic nerve head in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. 1,4,5 Cross-sectional studies have estimated the prevalence of systemic diseases that might predispose to NAION 6,7 and hematologic malignancies, 8,9 results of previously published case reports and case series, to understand better the specific characteristics-including diagnostic, management, and prognostic features-of patients who shared the diagnosis of NAION and hematologic malignancy.…”

MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Visual Syndromes

“…Additional entities that mimic optic neuritis include ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, radiation-induced optic neuropathy, hereditary syndromes such as Leber syndrome, infections including syphilis, Bartonella and Lyme disease, idiopathic perineuritis (pseudotumor), optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve glioma or lymphoma, and thyroid eye disease. 73,77,78 Knowledge of the variety of nosology is important for radiologists so they may assist clinicians in appropriate evaluation of etiology and positively impact treatment decisions, contributing to long-term positive outcomes.…”

Bone Marrow‐Derived Cells as a Therapeutic Approach to Optic Nerve Diseases

“…In contrast to the progressive nature of glaucoma, acute optic neuropathies are characterized by the acute onset of visual loss and are usually caused by ischemia (ischemic optic neuropathies), traumatic brain injury (traumatic optic neuropathy), and infection or inflammation (optic neuritis). Other causes of optic nerve injury, with varied clinical presentations, are compression, toxic or nutritional causes, infiltration of neoplastic or inflammatory cells, and papilledema secondary to elevated intracranial pressure [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. Optic neuropathy can also occur in hereditary neurodegenerative disorders related to primary mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as in two nonsyndromic mitochondrial hereditary optic neuropathies: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dominant optic atrophy.…”