A Review of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Techniques for Residual Stress Profiling of Metallic Components in Aircraft Engines

Shao, Zhaoyu; Zhang, Chengcheng; Li, Yankai; Shen, Hai‐Ying; Zhang, Dehan; Yu, Xudong; Zhang, Ying

doi:10.3390/aerospace9100534

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“… Analysis of Stress and Strain: Ultrasonic velocity data can be used to evaluate the effects of stress and strain on the material. Variations in velocity can reflect changes in the mechanical characteristics of a material, providing insight into the presence of residual stresses or deformation mechanisms [ 40 ]. Elastic Anisotropy: Elastic anisotropy refers to the directional dependency of certain materials’ elastic characteristics.…”

Section: Theory and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperatures

Tai,

Sultan,

Łukaszewicz

et al. 2023

Materials

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On-stream inspections are the most appropriate method for routine inspections during plant operation without undergoing production downtime. Ultrasonic inspection, one of the on-stream inspection methods, faces challenges when performed at high temperatures exceeding the recommended 52 °C. This study aims to determine the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation with known material grade, thickness, and temperatures by comparing theoretical calculation and experimentation, with temperatures ranging between 30 °C to 250 °C on low-carbon steel, covering most petrochemical equipment material and working conditions. The aim of the theoretical analysis was to obtain Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and longitudinal velocity at different temperatures. The experiments validated the theoretical results of ultrasonic change due to temperature increase. It was found that the difference between the experiments and theoretical calculation is 3% at maximum. The experimental data of velocity and decibel change from the temperature range provide a reference for the future when dealing with unknown materials information on site that requires a quick corrosion status determination.

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Section: Theory and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperatures

Tai,

Sultan,

Łukaszewicz

et al. 2023

Materials

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show abstract

“…Analysis of Stress and Strain: Ultrasonic velocity data can be used to evaluate the effects of stress and strain on the material. Variations in velocity can reflect changes in the mechanical characteristics of a material, providing insight into the presence of residual stresses or deformation mechanisms [35].…”

Section: 𝑉 = 𝑓𝜆mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low Carbon Steel at High Temperatures

Tai,

Sultan,

Łukaszewicz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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On-stream inspections are the most appropriate method for routine inspections during plant operation without going through production downtime. Ultrasonic inspection, one of the on-stream inspection methods, faces challenges when performed at high temperatures exceeding the recommended 52°C. This study aims to determine the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation with the known material grade, thickness, and temperatures by comparing theory calculation versus experiment with temperatures ranging between 30°C to 250°C on low carbon steel covering most petrochemical equipment material and working conditions. The theoretical analysis was to obtain Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and longitudinal velocity at different temperatures. The experiments validated the predicted results of ultrasonic change due to temperature increase and showed a maximum error of 3%. The experimental data of velocity and decibel change from the temperature range provide a reference for the future when dealing with unknown materials information on site that require a quick corrosion status determination.

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“…Non-destructive methods were more favored in practical stress analysis. The X-ray diffraction method was the most widely applied non-destructive stress analysis technique [4]. It was able to examine almost all commercial metals and alloys, such as steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel, and cobalt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of factors from practical workpieces on ultrasonic LCR method stress measurement

Lai,

Yan,

Chang

et al. 2024

Discov Appl Sci

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The non-destructive stress measurement method is the main trend in residual stress analysis. The ultrasonic method, which utilizes the acoustoelastic effect of the longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave, is one of the time-saving measurement techniques. During the practical stress measurement on a workpiece, various external factors may impact the transmission of acoustic waves and the resulting stress value. This study revealed and discussed the effects of four factors on the LCR wave: surface roughness of the examined material, temperature of the material, external mechanical vibration, and surface paint. The stress coefficient was determined by comparing the offset time of the acoustic wave with the stress measured by X-ray analyzer in the zero-stress specimens, which had undergone annealing and deep cryogenic treatment. The test results indicated that the surface roughness did not affect the transition time of the acoustic wave, but it did decrease the intensity of the signal. The increase in temperature and the transition time of the acoustic wave were in a linear relationship. Mechanical vibrations from the environment would not affect the transition time or signal intensity of the acoustic wave, whereas the application of surface paint increased the transition time. Although the effect of paint on the actual workpiece could not be easily modified during stress measurement, the ultrasonic method was still suitable for monitoring the stress of a specific position of the workpiece throughout its operational lifetime. The experiment data in this study were applied to measuring the residual stress of an aluminum ship component, and the result showed a good correspondence with X-ray stress analyzer results.

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A Review of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Techniques for Residual Stress Profiling of Metallic Components in Aircraft Engines

Cited by 8 publications

References 191 publications

Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperatures

Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperatures

Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low Carbon Steel at High Temperatures

Effects of factors from practical workpieces on ultrasonic LCR method stress measurement

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