A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non‐stimulant Thermogenic Agents

Stohs, Sidney J.; Badmaev, Vladimir

doi:10.1002/ptr.5583

Cited by 93 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…3,5,12 The majority of studies have been conducted with the patented bitter orange extract (Advantra Z ® , Novel Ingredients, East Hanover, NJ) which is standardized to p-synephrine. No studies have focused on the ability of bitter orange extract and p-synephrine to suppress appetite and depress food intake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased eating control and energy levels associated with consumption of bitter orange (p-synephrine) extract: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Kaats¹,

Leckie²,

Mrvichin³

et al. 2017

NDS

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Using a placebo-controlled double-blinded 30-day protocol, 40 overweight adults were asked to consume a chocolate-flavored chew 15-30 min before their two largest meals of the day. The chews contained either a placebo or an "active" product (100 mg of a bitter orange extract, standardized to 51.5 mg p-synephrine). Subjects completed a 13-item Weight Control Support Scale (WCSS) containing eating control, energy level, and palatability subscales daily throughout the study. All 40 subjects completed the study. No adverse effects were reported in either the placebo or active groups. As compared to placebo, subjects consuming the active product reported statistically more (p≤0.001) positive responses on the WCSS as well as on each of the three subscales. This study suggests that, as compared to a placebo control, consuming a chew containing bitter orange extract (51.5 mg p-synephrine) 15-30 min before the two largest meals of the day resulted in a statistically significant greater and more positive response to eating/appetite control and a weight-control support scale.

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confidence: 99%

Increased eating control and energy levels associated with consumption of bitter orange (p-synephrine) extract: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Kaats¹,

Leckie²,

Mrvichin³

et al. 2017

NDS

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“…Various studies indicate that p-synephrine enhances energy production and sport performance by acting as a thermogenic agent. 9 p-Synephrine augments lipolysis, energy expenditure, and fat oxidation at rest and during the latter stages of recovery (ie, 30 minutes) following acute resistance exercise. 4,10 It has also been shown to increase energy and appetite control.…”

Section: P-synephrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The widespread use of caffeinated products is due to the actions of caffeine as a stimulant thermogenic agent. 9,19 Various authors have summarized the effects of caffeine and coffee on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and questions have been raised regarding the safety of consuming caffeine in combination with p-synephrine. 18,[20][21][22] p-Synephrine is regarded as a nonstimulant thermogenic agent, due to its lack of effects on the cardiovascular system, 9 while caffeine is a stimulant thermogenic.…”

Section: P-synephrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,19 Various authors have summarized the effects of caffeine and coffee on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and questions have been raised regarding the safety of consuming caffeine in combination with p-synephrine. 18,[20][21][22] p-Synephrine is regarded as a nonstimulant thermogenic agent, due to its lack of effects on the cardiovascular system, 9 while caffeine is a stimulant thermogenic. 9,19 The two exhibit different mechanisms of action, and p-synephrine as BOE is frequently combined with caffeine in dietary supplements.…”

Section: P-synephrinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of p-synephrine in combination with caffeine: a review

Stohs¹,

Ratamess²

2017

NDS

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Abstract:This review summarizes the current research involving p-synephrine in combination with caffeine. Over 30 clinical human studies with in excess of 700 subjects, and animal and in vitro studies have assessed the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract and its primary active constituent p-synephrine. Approximately 35% of these human subjects concurrently consumed caffeine, a stimulant thermogenic agent. In these clinical investigations, no serious adverse effects were reported or observed when using the combination of p-synephrine with caffeine. Animal studies with exceedingly high doses of p-synephrine in combination with caffeine support and affirm the human studies. The results of studies conducted to date indicate that p-synephrine does not augment the cardiovascular effects of caffeine or produce cardiovascular effects at commonly used doses. These observations can be explained on the basis of in vitro mechanistic studies.

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“…4 Recently, E. intermedia herb has received considerable attention as the therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity due to its CNS stimulatory action. [5][6] However the overuse of E. intermedia preparations may give rise to severe adverse effects, such as cardiovascular symptoms, glaucoma and hyperthyroidism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Active Compounds of Herbal Medicinal Formula, DF, by Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2017

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− DF formula is comprised of three traditional herbs, Ephedra intermedia, Rheum palmatum and Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and locally used for treating of the metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes in Korea. We tried to optimize the extraction conditions of two major components, (−)-ephedrine and (+)-pseudoephedrine, in DF formula using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The experimental conditions with 70% for EtOH concentrations, 4.8 hour for extraction hours and 8.7 times for the solvent to material ratio were suggested for the optimized extraction of DF formula with the highest amounts of (−)-ephedrine and (+)-pseudoephedrine in the designed model.

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A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non‐stimulant Thermogenic Agents

Cited by 93 publications

References 86 publications

Increased eating control and energy levels associated with consumption of bitter orange (<em>p</em>-synephrine) extract: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Increased eating control and energy levels associated with consumption of bitter orange (<em>p</em>-synephrine) extract: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Effects of <em>p</em>-synephrine in combination with caffeine: a review

Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Active Compounds of Herbal Medicinal Formula, DF, by Response Surface Methodology

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