A Review of Moisturizers; History, Preparation, Characterization and Applications

Abstract

Moisturizers are one of the most widely used preparations in cosmetics and have been extensively used to soften the skin for consumers. Moisturizers work effectively in combating dry skin which may cause pain, tightness, itch, stinging, and/or tingling. The aim of this review is to evaluate published studies on the history, ingredients, preparation processes, characteristics, uses, and applications of moisturizers. Moisturizers bridge the gap between medicine and consumer goods by being used to make the skin more beautiful and healthy. In the future, in moisturizer therapy, the capacity to adapt specific agents to specific dermatological demands will be crucial. Cosmetically, moisturizers make the skin smooth by the mechanism of increasing the water content in the stratum corneum, hence exerting its most vital action, which is moisturizing action and maintaining a normal skin pH.

Test anti-aging activity in a face scrub preparation that contains coffee-grade active charcoal (Coffea arabica L.) with the addition of vitamin E

“…2 shows that after using face scrub preparations for 4 weeks, all formulas experienced a decrease in pores. In accordance with the graphic data above, it shows that the more activated charcoal content in the face scrub preparation, the greater its role in reducing the number of pores on the skin [32]. Pore measurement using a skin analyser device.…”

“…According to the measurement results in the table above, using face scrub preparations for four weeks caused the water content to rise from dehydrated to normal (30-50), whereas the humidity of the control formula remained dehydrated (0-29). This demonstrates that the amount of activated charcoal coupled with Vitamin E in the face scrub preparation determines how effective it is in boosting skin hydration [32,33] (Fig. 1).…”

A novel hydrogel‐based moisturizing cream composed of hyaluronic acid for patients with xerosis: An intraindividual comparative analysis

“…15 Moisturizers that are extensively used include glycerin, HA, and sealed moisturizers, such as silicone and mineral oils. 16 HA is a nonsulfated linear glycosaminoglycan polymer with repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid N-acetyl-d-glucosamine linked through β−1,4-glycosidic bonds. 17,18 It is mainly present in the extracellular matrix, and the cutaneous HA accounts for more than 50% of the total HA in the body.…”

“…The moisturizing power of weakened skin can be enhanced through cosmetics, which not only hydrate the surface of the stratum corneum but also reduce TEWL 15 . Moisturizers that are extensively used include glycerin, HA, and sealed moisturizers, such as silicone and mineral oils 16 …”

Novel Insight into Pickering Emulsion and Colloidal Particle Network Construction of Basil Extract for Enhancing Antioxidant and UV-B-Induced Antiaging Activities

“…Most antiaging formulations require components such as oils, humectants, and moisturizers to soothe dry skin and normalize epidermal keratinization for skin barrier repair. 4 Sunflower oil (SFO) with a high content of linoleic acid and phenolic compounds can inhibit the chronic inflammatory response of aged keratinocytes, which reduces epidermal growth and promotes infection. 5 It has been shown to maintain SC integrity and enhance skin hydration through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist (PPAR-α) that increase keratinocyte proliferation and lipid synthesis.…”