2020
DOI: 10.3390/s20195696
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A Review of Measurement Calibration and Interpretation for Seepage Monitoring by Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensors

Abstract: Seepage flow through embankment dams and their sub-base is a crucial safety concern that can initiate internal erosion of the structure. The thermometric method of seepage monitoring employs the study of heat transfer characteristics in the soils, as the temperature distribution in earth-filled structures can be influenced by the presence of seepage. Thus, continuous temperature measurements can allow detection of seepage flows. With the recent advances in optical fiber temperature sensor technology, accurate … Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Although the cost of fiber optic is low, proper installation might become a challenging and invasive issue, especially when applying this technology to monitor the existing levees. However, fiber optic can be a very efficient and cost-effective solution for monitoring long distances of new embankments where the optical fiber can be easily installed within the levee body [43,44]. Finally, as mentioned in Section 2, fiber optic sensors are sensitive to both temperature changes and to deformations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the cost of fiber optic is low, proper installation might become a challenging and invasive issue, especially when applying this technology to monitor the existing levees. However, fiber optic can be a very efficient and cost-effective solution for monitoring long distances of new embankments where the optical fiber can be easily installed within the levee body [43,44]. Finally, as mentioned in Section 2, fiber optic sensors are sensitive to both temperature changes and to deformations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…flexible and responsive nature of macromolecules and its hybrid forms like hydrogel, micelle, nanostructured polymers, aerogel, and xerogel has huge potential. The processability of polymers to make a film, coating, beads, and sheets, along with surface stability are other additional properties of polymers to be explored in sensing of temperature, pressure, magnetic field, and electromagnetic radiations [ 31 , 32 ].…”
Section: Physical Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The FO cable has been connected to a FO-DTS control unit, a Silixa XT-DTS instrument (5 km range). The DTS unit was configured in double-ended configuration (van de Giesen et al, 2012) to collect data at 25 cm and 10 minutes sampling interval. Two calibration baths (one at the ambient temperature and a fridge), as well as PT100 probes (0.1°C) and RBR SoloT probes (0.002°C accuracy) were used to calibrate the data.…”
Section: Fo Cable Deployment and Data Acquisitionmentioning
confidence: 99%