A review of lifestyle and environment risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Zanini, Sara; Renzi, Serena; Limongi, Antonina Rita; Bellavite, Paolo; Giovinazzo, Francesco; Bermano, Giovanna

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.040

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…In addition, they activated downstream tumourigenic signaling pathways. 24,25 The results of this study are in line with previous research that cigarette smoke exposure may affect the structure of the pancreas and contribute to disrupting pancreatic function.…”

Section: Environmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Indrasari

Furqaani

Siswanti

et al. 2021

Glob Med Health Commun

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Cigarette residue toxins can accumulate in the body, including the pancreas, which potentially reduces pancreas function. In addition, the active compounds in cigarettes are reporting to interfere with an elevation of reactive oxygen species, leading to disruption of pancreatic microstructures. Furthermore, pancreatic cell dysfunction is responsible for developing diabetes mellitus disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of thirdhand smoke exposure on mice pancreatic microstructure image. It was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design at the Medical Biology Laboratory of the Universitas Islam Bandung from November 2020–June 2021. The subjects were 20 adult male mice aged 8–10 weeks, weighing 25–30 grams, in good health condition, and randomly divided into two groups (control group and treatment group exposed to thirdhand cigarette smoke for four weeks). After the completion of the exposure period, pancreatic cells isolation was performing. The parameters observed in this study were the number and diameter islet of Langerhans. Data analysis used the independent t test parametric (α=5%). The results showed that the number and diameter islet of Langerhans in the treated group were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). The average number in the control group was 9.40±3.20, while in the treatment group was 4.90±2.74 (28% smaller). The average diameter of control was 225.96±50.15 mm, while treatment was 162±49.68 mm (50% lower). In conclusion, thirdhand smoke exposure alters the pancreas microstructure. The toxic compounds on thirdhand cigarette smoke are involving in generating an elevation of free radical levels, depletion of antioxidants, and alteration of signal transduction resulted in acceleration of apoptosis rate of the islet of Langerhans, especially pancreatic β-cells. PENGARUH PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK TERSIER PADA GAMBARAN MIKROSTRUKTUR PANKREAS MENCITToksik residu rokok dapat terakumulasi pada tubuh, termasuk pankeas sehingga dapat menurunkan fungsi pankreas. Selain itu, senyawa aktif dalam rokok dilaporkan meningkatkan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan kerusakan mikrostruktur pankreas. Selanjutnya, disfungsi sel pankreas meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh asap rokok tersier terhadap gambaran mikrostruktur pankreas mencit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium in vivo dengan rancangan acak lengkap di Laboratorium Biologi Medik Universitas Islam Bandung periode November 2020–Juni 2021. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 mencit jantan dewasa berumur 8–10 minggu, bobot 25–30 gram, kondisi sehat, dan dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok (kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat paparan asap rokok tersier selama empat minggu). Setelah periode pemberian paparan selesai, dilakukan isolasi sel pankreas. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah dan diameter pulau Langerhans (islet of Langerhans). Analisis data menggunakan parametrik independent t test (α=5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan diameter pulau Langerhans pada kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Jumlah rerata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 9,40±3,20, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan 4,90±2,74 (lebih rendah 28%). Diameter rerata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 225,96±50,19 mm dan kelompok perlakuan 162,89±49.68 mm (lebih rendah 50%). Simpulan, paparan asap rokok tersier dapat memengaruhi gambaran mikrostruktur pankreas. Senyawa toksik pada asap rokok tersier diduga terlibat dalam peningkatan kadar radikal bebas, penurunan kadar antioksidan, dan perubahan transduksi sinyal yang mengakibatkan peningkatan laju apoptosis pulau Langerhans, terutama sel β pankreas.

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Section: Environmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Indrasari

Furqaani

Siswanti

et al. 2021

Glob Med Health Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These clustering factors related to lifestyle may interfere with pancreatic cellular physiology and contribute to the carcinogenesis of pancreas. 9,11,27,28 The rapid economic transition and modernization of Shanghai over the last century has triggered the westernization of lifestyle across successive generations, with more pronounced effect on the more recent generations. 29 Such an increased risk in successive birth cohorts among the Shanghai population was observed in other gastrointestinal cancers including colorectal cancer that has also been associated with lifestyle factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Given that more males are exposed to tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and/or occupational exposures to known or suspected carcinogens than females in adulthood, the differences in pancreatic cancer incidence by sex may be multi-factorial involving the known risk factors. 9,36 The major strength of our study is the long-term cancer incidence data with assured quality, and hence the secular patterns of incidence trend could be well identified. Cancer statistics of the United States and China may also be obtained from some other sources, such as SEER 18, SEER 21, or cancer registries of other Chinese cities, while these data may have better coverage of American and Chinese populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Lifestyle and environmental factors have been attributed to several cancers including pancreatic cancer. [7][8][9] Some of these have been associated with Western lifestyle which is linked to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, including alcohol consumption, high-energy food intake, and obesity. [9][10][11][12] The opening up of China in the 1980s led to a rapid transition from the traditional Chinese lifestyle to an industrialized westernized lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Some of these have been associated with Western lifestyle which is linked to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, including alcohol consumption, high-energy food intake, and obesity. [9][10][11][12] The opening up of China in the 1980s led to a rapid transition from the traditional Chinese lifestyle to an industrialized westernized lifestyle. This epidemiological transition is hypothesized to have contributed to the striking upward trend of pancreatic cancer incidence in Chinese cities, especially metropolises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities of birth cohort effects on pancreatic cancer incidence between the United States and urban China

et al. 2021

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Background: Pancreatic cancer has been associated with lifestyle factors, but few comparative studies were conducted among countries of different culture and lifestyle habits. This study compared the trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and birth cohort effects in the United States and urban China and explored the potential discrepancies of risk patterns. Materials and methods: Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were calculated using data from national or regional cancer registries of the United States and two large cities of China (Shanghai, Hong Kong). The temporal trends of incidence were assessed by joinpoint regression. The effects of birth cohort and calendar period were identified through ageeperiodecohort modeling.Results: The ASIR in the United States from 1976 to 2015 was 8.26/100 000, which was higher than that in Hong Kong (4.29/100 000) and Shanghai of China (6.63/100 000). Shanghai had lower incidence (4.41/100 000) in 1976-1980 but increased annually by 1.38% in males and 1.67% in females, with a sharper upward trend than the United States and Hong Kong. Males had higher risks than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.34, 1.44, and 1.37 in the United States, Hong Kong, and Shanghai, respectively. A significant and prominent increase in incidence rate was observed among successive generations in China particularly for Shanghai, but such a pattern was not apparent in the United States. Conclusions: The differences in pancreatic cancer incidence by sex may be multi-factorial involving known risk factors like tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. The significant birth cohort effects among recent and early generations in the Shanghai population were in line with a society in socioeconomic transition and adoption of Western lifestyle mainly including consumption of calorie-rich foods and physical inactivity. Differences in these risk patterns will have implications on health care efforts and policies for cancer control.

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NNK from tobacco smoking enhances pancreatic cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance by creating a β2AR‐Akt feedback loop that activates autophagy

et al. 2022

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Low responsiveness to chemotherapy is an important cause of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Smoking is a high‐risk factor for pancreatic cancer and cancer resistance to gemcitabine; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) is the main metabolite of tobacco burning and has been shown to be associated with cancer development and chemoresistance. However, in pancreatic cancer, its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that NNK promoted stemness and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Moreover, NNK increased autophagy and elevated the expression levels of the autophagy‐related markers autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG5), autophagy‐related gene 7 (ATG7), and Beclin1. Furthermore, the results showed that NNK‐promoted stemness and gemcitabine resistance was partially dependent on the role of NNK in cell autophagy, which is mediated by the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR)‐Akt axis. Finally, we proved that NNK intervention could not only activate β2AR, but also increase its expression, making β2AR and Akt form a feedback loop. Overall, these findings show that the NNK‐induced β2AR‐Akt feedback loop promotes stemness and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells.

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A review of lifestyle and environment risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Cited by 33 publications

References 159 publications

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Disparities of birth cohort effects on pancreatic cancer incidence between the United States and urban China

NNK from tobacco smoking enhances pancreatic cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance by creating a β2AR‐Akt feedback loop that activates autophagy

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