A review of Leaves and Seeds Moringa oleifera Extract: The potential Moringa oleifera as Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiarrhoeal, And Antiulcer Approaches To Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease in the tropics in the form of inflammation of the stomach and intestines due to several bacteria, such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Listeria with symptoms of diarrhea without or with vomiting and frequent fever. Gastroenteritis is a global disease with the highest prevalence in the agricultural community, especially farmers and fishermen. AIM: This research is to determine the potential of leaf and seed extract Moringa oleifera as an alternative therapy for bacterial gastroenteritis. METHODS: A literature review approach derived from the analysis and synthesis of various related references is used. The author selects journals full text and books published in the last ten years maximum through several databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane with the keywords: diarrhea, gastroenteritis, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammation, and M. oleifera. RESULTS: Seed and leaf extract M. oleifera played a role in preventing some of the effects of the pathogenesis of diarrhea due to bacterial infection. Methanol, N-hexane, ethyl acetate, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and steroids from seed and leaf extract M. oleifera have antibacterial effects. The content of quercetin has an anti-inflammatory effect. The content of tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids has antidiarrheal activity. The content of ethanol and tannins has an antiulcer effect. This potential can help cure patients with bacterial gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION: Leaf and seed extract of M. oleifera has good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antidiarrheal potential for the treatment of bacterial gastroenteritis.

Phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera nanosuspension against peri-implantitis bacteria: An in vitro study

“… 17 Alkaloid compounds interfere with the peptidoglycan components in bacterial cells, which in turn will cause the death of bacterial cells. 23 , 24 This is extremely similar to our result showing that MIC, MBC, diffusion examination of 1% and 2% MON on Aa, Pg, Pi, and Fn were seen at concentrations of 50%, 25%, and 12.5% with significant differences ( p < 0.05 ). This study result about antibacterial activity of MON also supported by several studies.…”

Moringa oleifera as a potential antimicrobial against pathogenic Clostridium perfringens isolates in farm animals

“…It could act as a potential drug candidate that might suppress several bacteria species including pathogenic Clostridium spp. and also succeed in the treatment of gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and other disorders ( Adji et al ., 2022 ). Moringa oleifera plant extract achieved excellent antimicrobial results against Clostridium spp.…”

“…The decoction of the plant parts in the water might not be an effective method if compared with the plant preparation method via an organic material as a solvent which this type of solvent could strengthen the antibacterial activity of this plant ( Abd El-Moez et al ., 2014 ). Adji et al . (2022 ) explained the great antibacterial properties that plants containing high natural components: (pterygospermin, benzyl isothiocyanate, and 4 L-rhamnopyra nosyloxy and benzylglucosinolate) that possessed high antibacterial activity.…”

“…Broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy of the M. oleifera plant was confirmed also against most pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms in many reports in which greater inhibition zones of Moringa were recorded against S. aureus and E. coli isolates ( Abd El-Moez et al ., 2014 ). In addition, recent reviews declared that the ethanol and methanol extracts of M. oleifera could suppress the viability of Salmonella typhi , Salmonella paratyphi , E. coli, B. cereus , Shigella, S. aureus , and E. faecalis organisms (Híjar et al ., 2018; Salihu Abdallah et al ., 2019 ; Abdallah et al ., 2022 ; Adji et al ., 2022 ) than the aqueous extract. The active components responsible for the bactericidal activity are more soluble in organic solvents than water extract ( Prabakaran et al ., 2018 ).…”

Effectiveness test of African leaf ethanol extract against Salmonella typhi bacteria

“…The things above strengthen the notion that flavonoids are antioxidants. Flavonoid compounds in African leaves can inhibit DNA and RNA nucleic synthesis, cytoplasmic membrane function, and bacterial energy metabolism [18]. Nowadays, alternative medicine is one of the options for treating antibiotic resistance, which is a health problem in the world, especially in Indonesia.…”