A review of laser-triggered switching

Guenther, Arthur H.; Bettis, J. R.

doi:10.1109/proc.1971.8237

Cited by 47 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To meet the requirement of the output waveform and obtain a high energy transfer efficiency, the switch should break down near the peak time of input pulses, which adds the difficulty of reducing the switch jitter due to a relatively small du/dt near the peak time [3]. The time jitters of laser-triggering and electrical-triggering switches can be reduced to 1-3 ns [4][5][6][7][8], but external sources are required. To reduce the cost and complexity, self-triggering methods like corona stabilization or UV-illumination are explored [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Wang

Chen

2021

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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MV pulsed switch plays a key role as the transfer switch in large electromagnetic pulse simulators. To broaden the range of self-triggering time, a novel spark-discharge pre-ionization switch, in which the main gap electric field is superposed at the trigger gap to let the electrons in its spark channel also become initial electrons, is proposed and tested. The design idea is: as electrons in the spark channel of the trigger gap always exist after its breakdown, the injection time of pre-ionization should have a more negligible effect on reducing the switch jitter. The experiment results under pulses with a rise time of ∼100 ns support the above assumptions. When the operating voltage is from ∼300 to ∼800 kV and the self-triggering time is ∼45% to ∼75% of the peak time, the breakdown time delay jitter is less than 2 ns, and the breakdown voltage jitter is smaller than 1.25%. Under specific self-triggering time, the breakdown time delay jitter is less than 1.5 ns, and the breakdown voltage jitter is smaller than 0.8%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Wang

Chen

2021

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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“…After the discovery of self-focusing and laser air breakdown, the laser pulses were proposed to trigger and guide electric discharges [10][11][12][13][14] . The use of laser pulses for lightning protection 15 was patented 16 and carried out with a combination of two-arm CO 2 , Nd:glass, and Nd:YAG high power lasers with tens of nanosecond pulse duration 17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote triggering of air-gap discharge by a femtosecond laser filament and postfilament at distances up to 80 m

Kosareva

Mokrousova

Panov

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Letters

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We experimentally observed a laser-induced remote high-voltage discharge triggering between two needle electrodes with half-a-cm spacing. The discharge was initiated by a 744-nm, 90-fs, 6-mJ laser pulse undergoing filamentation in air. For the direct voltage below the self-breakdown threshold, triggering of air-gap discharge was synchronized with 10-Hz laser repetition rate and occurred between 40 and 80 m of the propagation path. No discharge guiding was observed. The experimentally registered and simulated remote triggering probability was above 80% in the range of 40-65 m from laser output, and about 50% in the range of 65-80 m. The probability decreases as the postfilament hot spot diverges with simultaneous increase of stochastic laser beam wandering.

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“…Spark gap discharges are used in widespread applications including HV surge protection and power switching, high energy laser triggering, and as ignition sources in combustion engines. The theory of spark-gap discharges is rich in basic physics and has been discussed at length in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Spark gaps rely on acceleration of free electrons between the cathode and anode by the gap electric field, driving further ionization by collisional avalanche ionization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the femtosecond laser-triggered spark gap

et al. 2020

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We present space and time resolved measurements of the air hydrodynamics induced by femtosecond laser pulse excitation of the air gap between two electrodes at high potential difference. We explore both plasma-based and plasma-free gap excitation. The former uses the plasma left in the wake of femtosecond filamentation, while the latter exploits air heating by multiple-pulse resonant excitation of quantum molecular wavepackets. We find that the cumulative electrode-driven air density depression channel plays the dominant role in the gap evolution leading to breakdown. Femtosecond laser heating serves mainly to initiate the depression channel; the presence of filament plasma only augments the early heating.

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A review of laser-triggered switching

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

A low-jitter self-triggered spark-discharge pre-ionization switch: primary research on its breakdown characteristics and working mechanisms

Remote triggering of air-gap discharge by a femtosecond laser filament and postfilament at distances up to 80 m

Dynamics of the femtosecond laser-triggered spark gap

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