Dynamics of the femtosecond laser-triggered spark gap

Rosenthal, Eric; Larkin, Ilia; Goffin, A.; Produit, Thomas; Schroeder, Malte C.; Wolf, Jean‐Pierre; Milchberg, H. M.

doi:10.1364/oe.398836

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Filaments are resistant to small blockages due their core plus reservoir structure: if the high intensity core is obstructed by a water droplet or aerosol, it is reformed downstream by energy flow from the surrounding reservoir [8][9][10]. Atmospheric filaments have numerous applications including long-distance laser-induced water condensation [11], atmospheric spectroscopic analysis [12], laser induced breakdown spectroscopy [13], electrical discharge control [14,15], quasi-steady-state air density modulation [16], and THz generation [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosol Clearing by Femtosecond Filaments

et al. 2022

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Atmospheric aerosols, such as water droplets in fog, interfere with laser propagation through scattering and absorption. Femtosecond optical filaments have been shown to clear foggy regions, improving transmission of subsequent pulses. However, the detailed fog clearing mechanism had yet to be determined. Here we directly measure and simulate the dynamics of ~5 μm radius water droplets, typical of fog, under the influence of optical and acoustic interactions characteristic of femtosecond filaments. We find that for filaments generated by the collapse of collimated nearinfrared femtosecond pulses, the main droplet clearing mechanism is optical shattering by laser light. For such filaments, the single cycle acoustic wave launched by filament energy deposition in air leaves droplets intact and drives negligible transverse displacement, and therefore negligible fog clearing. Only for tightly focused non-filamentary pulses, where local energy deposition greatly exceeds that of a filament, do acoustic waves significantly displace aerosols.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosol Clearing by Femtosecond Filaments

et al. 2022

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“…The gas number density in the filament is reduced by the laser heating effect [41], which lowers the threshold of the breakdown voltage between the two electrodes. Therefore, the discharge arc length can be extended.…”

Section: The Spatial and Temporal Control Of The Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal control of femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge and its application in diagnosing gas flow fields

Zhu¹,

Li²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Precise control of the discharge in space and time is of great significance for better applications of discharge plasma. Here, we used a femtosecond laser filament to trigger and guide a high-voltage DC pulse discharge to achieve spatiotemporal control of the discharge plasma. In space, the discharge plasma is distributed strictly along the channel generated by the femtosecond laser filament. The breakdown voltage threshold is reduced, and the discharge length is extended. In time, the electrical parameters such as the electrode voltage and the electrode gap affect discharge delay time and jitter. By optimizing the parameters, we can achieve sub-nanosecond jitter of the discharge. Based on the spatiotemporal control of the discharge, we applied filament-triggered discharge for one-dimensional composition measurements of the gas flow field. Besides, the technique shows great potential in studying the spatiotemporal evolution of discharge plasma.

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“…This long-lasting effect is responsible for the low-density gas channel that accompanies filamentation [33][34][35] and plays a dominant role in the triggering and steering of high-voltage discharges and lightning control. [36][37][38][39] The temporary reduction of the density was also shown to enable energy transfer via air-waveguide guided lasers, [34] to open communication channels through fog, [19,20] and may be employed to improve remote spectroscopy. [40] Common sources employed for filamentation are Ti:Sapphireamplified lasers with high pulse energies (>10 mJ) and low repetition rates (≤1 kHz).…”

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Cumulative Effects in 100 kHz Repetition‐Rate Laser‐Induced Plasma Filaments in Air

Wang

Ebrahim

Afxenti

et al. 2023

Advanced Photonics Research

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When ultrashort intense laser pulses propagate in optically transparent media, such as in air, intensity-dependent nonlinear effects, for example, Kerr focusing, absorption, and gas ionization, lead to pulse reshaping and the formation of filaments, which can sustain nonlinear effects over several tens of meters. [1,2] Laser filamentation in ambient air has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to its central role in several applications, such as the formation of stationary localized waves, [3] electric-discharge steering, [4][5][6] machining, [7] control and guiding of lightning, [8][9][10][11] atmospheric control, [12][13][14] remote sensing, [15][16][17] pulse compression, [18] optical communication, [19][20][21][22] and the generation of coherent radiation in hardly accessible spectral regions such as the deep UV and THz. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Filaments modify the gas density in which they propagate through different nonlinear light-matter interaction pathways, such as by excitation of molecular

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Dynamics of the femtosecond laser-triggered spark gap

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Atmospheric Aerosol Clearing by Femtosecond Filaments

Atmospheric Aerosol Clearing by Femtosecond Filaments

Spatiotemporal control of femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge and its application in diagnosing gas flow fields

Cumulative Effects in 100 kHz Repetition‐Rate Laser‐Induced Plasma Filaments in Air

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