A review of large-scale electrical energy storage

Hameer, Sameer; Niekerk, Jan van

doi:10.1002/er.3294

Cited by 242 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Two major environmental and scientific challenges faced nowadays are energy storage and greenhouse gas emissions [1][2][3][4][5] . The pressing need in employing renewable energy sources has brought up new challenges regarding electricity storage, which need to be overcome before the current energy mix can be upgraded to one based on renewable energy sources 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO₂ dissociation

et al. 2016

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Plasma reactor technologies have the potential to enable storage of green renewable electricity into fuels and chemicals. One of the major challenges for the implementation of these technologies is the energy efficiency. Empirical enhancement of plasma reactors performance has proven to be insufficient in this regard. Numerical models are becoming therefore essential to get insight into the process for optimization purposes. The chemistry in non-thermal plasmas is the most challenging and complex part of the model due to the large number of species and reactions involved. The most recent reaction kinetic model for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) dissociation in non-thermal microwave plasma considers more than one hundred species and thousands of reactions. To enable the implementation of this model into multidimensional simulations, a new reduction methodology to simplify the state-tostate kinetic model is presented. It is based on four key elements; 1) all the asymmetric vibrational levels are lumped within a single group, or fictitious species, CO 2 *, 2) this group follows a nonequilibrium Treanor distribution, 3) an algebraic approximation is used to compute the vibrational temperature from the translational temperature based on the Landau-Teller formula and 4) weighted algebraic expressions are applied, instead of complex differential equations, to calculate the rates of the most influencing reactions; this decreases substantially the calculation time. Using this new approach, the dissociation and vibrational kinetics are captured in a reduced set of 44 reactions among 13 species. The predictions of the reduced kinetic model regarding the concentrations of the heavy species in the afterglow zone are in good agreement with those of the detailed model from which the former was derived. The methodology may also be applied to other state-to-state kinetic models in which interactions of vibrational levels have the largest share in the global set of reactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO₂ dissociation

et al. 2016

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“…1,2 Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated energy storage solutions for portable devices due to their high energy density (∼200 Wh/kg). 3 The need for improved performance has fueled significant efforts in new electrode materials to enhance the energy density of LIBs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Cycle Performance of Quinone-Based Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries by Attachment to Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Use of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Gurkan

Qiang

Chen

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a potential alternative to lithium ion batteries due to their chemical similarities. Key considerations for SIBs include energy storage capacity, lifetime, cost, and safety. Major challenges associated with high performance organic electrodes for rechargeable batteries are their poor electrical conductivity and dissolution of the active material in common electrolytes. The poor conductivity limits the rate performance, while dissolution leads to poor cycle performance and short lifetimes. Here we demonstrate a route to address these challenges in a sodium ion battery for 2,5-disodium-1,4-benzoquinone, Na 2 DBQ (organic active material), through immobilization of the Na 2 DBQ on high surface area ordered mesoporous carbon, OMC, and use of 1-methyl-3-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte, NaFSI/[PYR13] [FSI]. These changes increase the rate capability and capacity retention after cycling when compared Na 2 DBQ anodes using standard carbonate electrolytes. At 22 • C, the inclusion of the OMC leads to similar capacities for the IL-and carbonate-electrolytes, but the improved thermal stability of the IL enables safe operation at 60 • C, which more than doubles the discharge capacities due to enhanced ion mobility and charge transfer kinetics. At 60 • C, the capacity retention was 83% for the IL-electrolyte after 300 cycles. For the materials examined here, the use of IL electrolyte does not adversely impact the performance of organic anode sodium-ion batteries and provides advantages with a wider operating temperature range and improved safety when compared to typical carbonate-based electrolytes. The move toward clean energy technologies associated with electrical vehicles and renewable energy production requires energy storage systems that are safe, reliable and economical.1,2 Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated energy storage solutions for portable devices due to their high energy density (∼200 Wh/kg). 3 The need for improved performance has fueled significant efforts in new electrode materials to enhance the energy density of LIBs. 4,5 However, the growing demands for large-scale energy storage generate questions regarding the future availability and the cost of lithium, which could adversely impact the competitiveness of intermittent energy sources.6-8 Sodium with its orders of magnitude greater natural abundance compared to Li can potentially address these availability and cost concerns, 9 but the larger atomic size (Na + : 4.44 Å 3 and Li + : 1.84 Å 3 ) and higher intrinsic mass per charge of sodium leads to lower theoretical capacity for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) in comparison to LIBs. Challenges for SIBs include improving the reversible insertion electrode materials for Na + for enhanced discharge capacity and cyclability.10 In addition to the active materials for the electrodes, the selection of the electrolyte impacts performance, safety and cost. 11A variety of carbon materials, including ordered mesoporous ca...

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“…At the ENERGY STORAGE CHINA 2016 conference, the China Energy In more detail, a meticulous comparative life cycle cost (LCC) analysis of electricity storage systems was provided by Zakeri and Syri, and the LCC of a CAES plant is highly dependent on fuel costs, emissions costs, and charging electricity prices [11]. Comparing the investment cost, capacity, lifetime, energy density and storage duration, PHS and CAES are suitable for use in large-scale commercial applications where they are more economic [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), electrical energy storage and other forms [1]. The recent status of electrical energy storage technologies is presented in the Table 1 [6][7][8][9][10], and the cost of different energy storage technologies is shown in Figure 1 [6][7][8][9][10][11], including the capital energy cost pitted against capital power cost. Abbreviations: SMES, Superconducting magnetic energy storage; TES, Thermal energy storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing the investment cost, capacity, lifetime, energy density and storage duration, PHS and CAES are suitable for use in large-scale commercial applications where they are more economic [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. PHS, as shown in Figure 2, is one of the most widely-used energy storage technologies, which has demonstrated its merits in terms of technological maturity, high cycle efficiency, large rated power, long service life and low operating cost, but the location choices are highly restricted, construction cycles are long, maintenance costs are high and it impacts the local environment, so the further utilization of PHS is limited [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Compressed Air Energy Storage and Technology Development

et al. 2017

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With the increase of power generation from renewable energy sources and due to their intermittent nature, the power grid is facing the great challenge in maintaining the power network stability and reliability. To address the challenge, one of the options is to detach the power generation from consumption via energy storage. The intention of this paper is to give an overview of the current technology developments in compressed air energy storage (CAES) and the future direction of the technology development in this area. Compared with other energy storage technologies, CAES is proven to be a clean and sustainable type of energy storage with the unique features of high capacity and long-duration of the storage. Its scale and cost are similar to pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS), thus CAES has attracted much attention in recent years while further development for PHS is restricted by the availability of suitable geological locations. The paper presents the state-of-the-art of current CAES technology development, analyses the major technological barriers/weaknesses and proposes suggestions for future technology development. This paper should provide a useful reference for CAES technology research and development strategy.

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A review of large-scale electrical energy storage

Cited by 242 publications

References 22 publications

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO₂ dissociation

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO₂ dissociation

Enhanced Cycle Performance of Quinone-Based Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries by Attachment to Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Use of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Overview of Compressed Air Energy Storage and Technology Development

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A review of large-scale electrical energy storage

Cited by 242 publications

References 22 publications

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO2 dissociation

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO2 dissociation

Enhanced Cycle Performance of Quinone-Based Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries by Attachment to Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Use of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Overview of Compressed Air Energy Storage and Technology Development

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A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO₂ dissociation

A new methodology for the reduction of vibrational kinetics in non-equilibrium microwave plasma: application to CO₂ dissociation