A Review of Image Watermarking Applications in Healthcare

Coatrieux, Gouenou; Lecornu, Laurent; Sankur, B.; Roux, Christian

doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.259305

Cited by 135 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These future personal e-health platforms, due to the strict ethics and legislative rules concerning medical data, have to ensure confidentiality, reliability (authenticity and integrity check), availability, and safe transfer of the medical files [1][2][3]. Apart from legislation issues, the quality of the biomedical images has to remain intact to ensure a correct diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them is digital watermarking that has been proposed and has been also used in the medical field for radiological images [2,6]. The watermark could be a serial number, like the patient's insurance code, or a hospital logo, or it could include parts or all of the EHR, textual files containing diagnosis, blood test profiles or other biosignals [1,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the part that does not contain any clinical findings is the region of non-interest (RONI) [1][2][3]. In many works, the watermark is inserted into the RONI, in that way, it leaves the ROI intact without any imperceptible modifications [1][2][3]7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the embedding space, they are categorized into spatial and frequency domain [5]. In the spatial domain, the watermark is inserted by modifying the pixel values or more often the least significant bit [2,3,5]. In the frequency domain, the watermark is embedded in some transformed signal coefficients (frequency bands) [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical watermarking has been applied in medical MRI images [1,2,10]. In order to ensure that the original radiological image can be retrieved in its initial form, reversible watermarking techniques have been introduced [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Authentication and Self-Correction in Sequential MRI Slices

2010

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One of the new challenges of Information Technology in the medical world is the protection and authentication of a variety of digital medical files, datasets, and images. In this work, the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slice sequences to hide digital data is investigated and more specifically the case that the hidden data are the regions of interest (ROI) of the MRI slices. The regions of non-interest (RONI) are used as cover. The hiding capacity of the whole sequence is taken into account. Any ROI-targeted tampering attempt can be detected, and the original image can be self-restored (under certain conditions) by extracting the ROI from the RONI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Authentication and Self-Correction in Sequential MRI Slices

2010

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Optimum watermark detection of ultrasonic echo medical images

Khawne

Attachoo

Hamamoto

2014

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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To prevent unauthorized access to a person's medical images, it is widely acknowledged that the security features of confidentiality, availability and integrity should be in place. This paper proposes the watermarking of ultrasonic echo images together with optimal watermark detection, in which pseudorandom noise is added to the images for integrity. The optimum watermark detection is the integration of the generalized Gaussian distribution (ρ‐GGD) and the Cauchy distribution. The results show that the proposed method gives good detection performance. The proposed method not merely achieves optimum detection using the Rao test but also leads to the highest detection probability with JPEG2000 compression. Compared with other detection methods, our proposed method exhibits better watermark detection performance even when the watermark‐to‐document ratio (WDR) is −50 dB. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Dual Watermarking of CT Scan Medical Images for Content Authentication and Copyright Protection

Memon

Keerio

Abbasi

2014

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Abstract. Digital CT Scan images are exchanged among the medical practitioners for consultative purposes or discussing diagnostic and therapeutic measures. This exchange of medical images imposes two main constraints for medical information: (i) the Content Authentication and (ii) Copyright protection. To address these two issues, we have proposed a technique of watermarking for medical images which embeds two watermarks in the CT scan image. The binary pattern is embedded in region of interest (ROI) for content authentication and the composite watermark is embedded in the region of non interest (RONI) for copyright protection. Initially CT Scan image is divided in ROI and RONI by segmentation process. The segmented ROI contains some holes which are first filled. The image morphology is then used and closing operation is applied on the resultant image which eliminates small holes and fills gaps in the contour. Thus binary mask is obtained which is used to separate ROI from RONI. Before embedding the binary pattern in ROI for data authentication purpose, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) information of ROI is extracted first and is saved in separate store. Also, before embedding the composite watermark, pixels in RONI are scrambled for providing the further security. The payload in both ROI and RONI is embedded with simple LSB substitution technique. The extraction procedure is the reverse of embedding process. However few steps of extraction procedure are same as embedding procedure. We have used CT scan image database obtained from Radiology Department, Ackron University Ohio USA. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides better security of medical information during transmission by addressing both issues of data authentication and copyright protection.

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A Review of Image Watermarking Applications in Healthcare

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Authentication and Self-Correction in Sequential MRI Slices

Authentication and Self-Correction in Sequential MRI Slices

Optimum watermark detection of ultrasonic echo medical images

Dual Watermarking of CT Scan Medical Images for Content Authentication and Copyright Protection

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