Dual Watermarking of CT Scan Medical Images for Content Authentication and Copyright Protection

Abstract

Abstract. Digital CT Scan images are exchanged among the medical practitioners for consultative purposes or discussing diagnostic and therapeutic measures. This exchange of medical images imposes two main constraints for medical information: (i) the Content Authentication and (ii) Copyright protection. To address these two issues, we have proposed a technique of watermarking for medical images which embeds two watermarks in the CT scan image. The binary pattern is embedded in region of interest (ROI) for content authentication and the composite watermark is embedded in the region of non interest (RONI) for copyright protection. Initially CT Scan image is divided in ROI and RONI by segmentation process. The segmented ROI contains some holes which are first filled. The image morphology is then used and closing operation is applied on the resultant image which eliminates small holes and fills gaps in the contour. Thus binary mask is obtained which is used to separate ROI from RONI. Before embedding the binary pattern in ROI for data authentication purpose, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) information of ROI is extracted first and is saved in separate store. Also, before embedding the composite watermark, pixels in RONI are scrambled for providing the further security. The payload in both ROI and RONI is embedded with simple LSB substitution technique. The extraction procedure is the reverse of embedding process. However few steps of extraction procedure are same as embedding procedure. We have used CT scan image database obtained from Radiology Department, Ackron University Ohio USA. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides better security of medical information during transmission by addressing both issues of data authentication and copyright protection.

Discriminative and robust zero-watermarking scheme based on completed local binary pattern for authentication and copyright identification of medical images

“…The existing watermarking schemes for medical images can be classified into three main categories: the regions of interest (ROI) lossless watermarking [1][2][3][4][5] , reversible watermarking [6][7][8] and zero-watermarking [9][10][11] . All of them use the information for authentication or copyright identification as watermark.…”

“…Parah et al 2 proposed another robust watermarking scheme, in which the watermark is embedded into Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain of RONI. To enhance the watermarking security, Memon et al 3 proposed a dual watermarking scheme based on image morphology and LSB technique. To improve the watermark robustness, Pandey et al 4 combined the DWT and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and embedded the watermark into the DWT-SVD domain of RONI.…”

Prediction-Based Reversible Watermarking of CT Scan Images for Content Authentication and Copyright Protection

“…For reducing the computational cost, the LSB substitution method was used for embedding the watermarked information, which is very simple and can easily be implemented as described in [33]. In the LSB substitution method, the data is implanted in different bit planes of the input image by replacing the LSBs with a payload.…”

Biometric‐based efficient medical image watermarking in E‐healthcare application

“…To give the protected exchange and viability of patients data, and to secure medicinal images from critical issues such as negligence risk, picture maintenance and so on [3, 4]. To avoid the issues, three distinctive research spaces, in particular, unique finger impression biometric for authentication, cryptosystem for confidential data, and reversible watermarking for the integrity [5]. To encourage sharing and remote treatment of medical images in a safe way watermarking ensures alluring properties [6, 7].…”