“…Concrete waste from construction can contain mercury, cadmium, and gypsum, as well as arsenic, cyanide, nickel, chromium, lead, sulphate, and zinc, which can leach into the environment if not properly managed. 36 While plastics are not as commonly used in the construction industry as concrete, wood, and glass, they find wide application in various tools, parts, and fittings, including windows, doors, pipes, building finishes, and packaging of building materials like plastic bottles and containers used for transportation. According to reports, the construction industry consumes approximately 10 million tonnes of plastic annually for various purposes, with around 50000 tonnes of plastics being discarded in the UK every year, most of which is polyvinyl chloride (PVC).…”