A Review of Green Scale Inhibitors: Process, Types, Mechanism and Properties

Mazumder, Mohammad A. Jafar

doi:10.3390/coatings10100928

Cited by 95 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…According to the above experimental results, all the possible scale inhibition mechanisms of PASP/ASA are speculated in Figure 14. The first mechanism is the chelation mechanism, [11,38] the second is electrostatic and dispersion mechanism, [39] and the third is lattice distortion mechanism [40] which contains a certain degree of threshold effect [11,38] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first mechanism is the chelation mechanism, [11,38] the second is electrostatic and dispersion mechanism, [39] and the third is lattice distortion mechanism [40] which contains a certain degree of threshold effect. [11,38] There is a precipitation-dissolution equilibrium in water between the inorganic salts precipitation and the ions dissociated from precipitation. PASP/ASA holds a large number of À COOH, À SO 3 H and À CONHÀ , which can easily form a stable chelate [35] with cations in the water.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Scale Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Calcium Scale Inhibition of Stimulated Oilfield Produced Water Using Polyaspartic Acid/Aminomethanesulfonic Acid

et al. 2021

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Polyaspartic acid modified by sulfonic acid group (PASP/ASA) was synthesized and characterized, and then its comprehensive scale inhibition performance was tested in the laboratory simulated environment as an oilfield scale inhibitor. By statically experiment the performance of polyaspartic acid/ aminomethanesulfonic acid in inhibiting CaSO 4 and CaCO 3 scale under different synthesis condition, results present that the maximum scale inhibition efficiency of the prepared PASP/ ASA for CaSO 4 and CaCO 3 scale is 100 % and 83.36 % at the dosage of 2.5 mg L À 1 and 10 mg L À 1 , respectively. However, the average scale inhibition efficiency of PASP/ASA can reach 61.63 % which is higher than 51.21 % of PASP at both dosage of 30 mg L À 1 . PASP/ASA and unmodified PASP exhibit unequal calcium scale inhibition performance because of the introduction of À SO 3 H. The scale crystal morphology analyzed by SEM and X-ray diffraction revealed that the calcium scale crystals were eliminated in the presence of PASP/ASA by chelation, electrostatic dispersion and lattice distortion mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Scale Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Scale Inhibition of Stimulated Oilfield Produced Water Using Polyaspartic Acid/Aminomethanesulfonic Acid

et al. 2021

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“…Having said that, a decrease in performance was also noticed along with an increase in temperature. Thus, further research is still needed to find scale inhibitors that are not only safe for the environment and non-toxic, but also must be able to work in an ultra-harsh environment (Mazumder 2020).…”

Section: Current Challenges and Limitations On The Use Of Biodegradable Polymers As A Scale Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review: the utilization potency of biopolymer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors

Husna

Elraies

Shuhili

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Scale formation is one of the major issues in the petroleum industry. The development of these scale layers could result in production losses and equipment instability because of pipeline blockage, energy leakage, corrosion acceleration and severe accidents which will impact the safety of the production process. The utilization of chemical scale inhibitors (SIs) is considered an economical and successful route for the scale prevention. Two main components of the chemical SIs are phosphonate and polymer. Many of the phosphorous compounds are toxic and very expensive. Besides, portions of the phosphonate compounds are thermally less stable than polymeric scale inhibitors in a harsh environment of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). This is considered as an issue as a good scale inhibitor should be able to be applied under wide range of temperature and pressure. Therefore, the continuous development in petroleum production imposes the need to develop a novel phosphorus-free scale inhibitor. Meanwhile, polymers have been broadly applied as a scale inhibitor in oil and gas fields because of their enhanced thermal stability and improved environmental compatibility. Polymeric scale inhibitors also show better dispersing efficiency. Today, the biopolymers have pulled in a tremendous consideration from the industry to replace the utilization of synthetic polymer due to their interesting qualities such as their lightness, strong mechanical properties, and appealing functionality. Biopolymers are insensitive toward brine salinity yet are vulnerable to biological degradation. Specifically, these polymers present enormous potential for environmental application because of their biodegradability, chemical adaptability and reactivity, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Recently, several new eco-friendly scale inhibitors have been reported in the literature. Hence, this paper provides a review of the utilization of biopolymer as scale inhibitor in the application of oil and gas industry under laboratory approach or field trial application. The types of scales, chemical scale inhibitors (SIs) and biopolymers are likewise reviewed here. The presented work in this paper is expected to enhance the fundamental understanding of scale formation, as well as contribute to the development process of biopolymer scale inhibitors.

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“…However, phosphonate and sulfonate polymers are being restricted due to environmental legislation [10][11][12]. With the increase of environmental awareness, environmentally friendly scale inhibitors have been drawing broad attention all over the world [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and High Effective Scale Inhibitor Based on Ring-Opening Graft Modification of Polyaspartic Acid

2021

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Polyaspartic acid (PASP)-based green scale inhibitor has great potential application in water treatment. Here, we first synthesized PASP in ionic liquid. Then, an effective PASP-based green scale inhibitor was synthesized by ring-opening graft modification of PASP with both aspartic acid (ASP) and monoethanolamine (MEA). Its chemical composition was characterized by gel chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Scale inhibition efficiency was measured by static scale inhibition tests. The results showed that the new PASP-based scale inhibitor has high scale inhibition to both CaCO3 and Ca3(PO4)2. When the concentration was increased to 2 mg/L, the inhibition efficiency of the new PASP-based scale inhibitor was 99% for CaCO3, while when the concentration was raised to only 4 mg/L, its inhibition efficiency increased to 100% for Ca3(PO4)2. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the changes of crystal structure for CaCO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 after adding the new PASP-based scale inhibitor. The crystal size of CaCO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 became smaller and the crystal form became amorphous after adding the modified PASPs compared with adding pure PASP. Moreover, the modified PASP showed good biodegradation performance.

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A Review of Green Scale Inhibitors: Process, Types, Mechanism and Properties

Cited by 95 publications

References 156 publications

Calcium Scale Inhibition of Stimulated Oilfield Produced Water Using Polyaspartic Acid/Aminomethanesulfonic Acid

Calcium Scale Inhibition of Stimulated Oilfield Produced Water Using Polyaspartic Acid/Aminomethanesulfonic Acid

A review: the utilization potency of biopolymer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors

Green and High Effective Scale Inhibitor Based on Ring-Opening Graft Modification of Polyaspartic Acid

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