“…Over the past decade, the effectiveness of the IEC 61499 standard in distributed control systems has been extensively studied in various applications, such as airport baggage handling systems [4], [5], manufacturing control [6] with closed-loop verification [7], [8], mechatronics [9], [10], building automation systems [11], machining [12], [13], process control [14], [15], and smart grids [16], [17]. These case studies have confirmed many advantages of IEC 61499 in terms of design and redesign efficiency and better interoperability and reusability [18].…”