A review of fluoride fibres for optical amplification

Ainslie, B.J.; Davey, Stephen; Szebesta, D.; Williams, John R.; Moore, M.W.; Whitley, T.J.; Wyatt, R.

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(94)00658-x

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] However, fluoride crystals are costly to produce and fluoride glasses are characterised by poor chemical durability and mechanical stability. In transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics the optical active ion may be incorporated into a fluoride crystalline phase, thus offering a better alternative to both fluoride glasses and crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of transparent glass-ceramics by nanocrystallisation of LaF3

Hemono

Pierre

Muñoz

et al. 2009

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Transparent glass-ceramics have been prepared by heat-treating oxyfluoride glasses in the Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -LaF 3 system. The nanocrystallisation of LaF 3 was achieved by controlling time and temperature parameters. Glasses and glass-ceramics were characterised by dilatometry, DTA, XRD and TEM. The mean crystal size (<20 nm) and the crystal fraction increase with the temperature of heat treatment, while they reach a maximum at about 20 h at a temperature close to T g . The crystallisation of phases containing glass modifier elements as well as F anions leads to the increase in the viscosity of the remaining glass matrix. Phase separation occurs in glass-ceramics depending on the glass composition which affects nanocrystallisation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of transparent glass-ceramics by nanocrystallisation of LaF3

Hemono

Pierre

Muñoz

et al. 2009

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…All the rib waveguide structures studied comprise a ZBLANPb guiding layer with a thickness (H in Fig. 1) of 15 m. This was chosen after consideration of film thicknesses presented in [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The operating wavelengths were 1.55 and 1.485 m, corresponding to the case of an erbium-doped amplifier and its pumping wavelength, respectively.…”

Section: Single-mode Regime Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst these, fluoride glasses have some attractive properties and may offer the possibility to fabricate compact and efficient devices. Optical amplification in fluoride glasses has been demonstrated at several wavelengths and especially at the second and third telecommunications windows around 1.3 m (doped with praseodymium) and 1.5 m (doped with erbium), respectively [1]. It is therefore not surprising that particular interest has grown regarding the fabrication of planar waveguide structures from this material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fluoride glass planar waveguides for active applications

Lousteau

Furniss

Seddon

et al. 2003

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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“…The low phonon energy enables a highly efficient laser emission and up-conversion phenomena [5]. The highly transparent fluoride glass matrix allows the excitation and emission of rare earth ions in a wide spectral range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly transparent fluoride glass matrix allows the excitation and emission of rare earth ions in a wide spectral range. Upon doping with rare earth ions, heavy metal fluoride fibers are suitable for a development of high power laser materials, up-conversion lasers, and optical amplifiers [4][5][6] for telecommunications systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties of multicomponent fluoride glasses for photonic and superionic applications

Trnovcová

Zakalyukin

Сорокин

et al. 2001

Ionics

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Abstract. Heavy metal fluoride glasses are promising materials for ultra-low loss mid-infrared optical fibers. The fibers are applied in remote spectroscopy, laser surgery, and thermal imaging. Upon doping with rare earth ions, heavy metal fluoride fibers are suitable for a development of high power laser materials, up-conversion lasers, and optical amplifiers for telecommunications systems. As heavy metal fluorides are prospective fast fluoride ion conductors, fluoride glasses based on ZrF4, BaF2, LaF3, AIF3 and NaF (ZBLAN), PbF2, InF3, BaF2, A1F3, LaF3 (PIBAL) or ZnF2, BaF2, InF3, SrF2, A1F3, NaF (ZBISAN) are interesting for a development of glassy or fibrous ionic conductors. In this paper, the ionic conductivity and dielectric response of the abovementioned multicomponent fluoride glasses is studied. The influence of the glass composition on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and on the crystallization temperature (Tcr) is also reported. The optimum composition and drawing temperature for fluoride glass fibers is specified. IntroductionAt first, fluorozirconate glasses were studied from the point of view of ultra-low mid-infrared optical loss [1] and optical fiber preparation [2]. A need of ultra-low-loss fibers for the long-distance telecommunications system was the driving force for a development of heavy metal oxide, fluoride and chalcogenide glass fibers. Because of a significant shift of the multiphonon edge, in comparison to silicate glasses, fluoride glass fibers have a low-loss window at 2.13 -2.55 ~tm, with a theoretical intrinsic loss minimum which is lower than 10 2 dB/km. Both the absorption by impurities and the extrinsic scattering by local inhomogeneities result in the actual intrinsic loss minimum of about 0.45 dB/km, at 2.35 gm [3]. Therefore, the infrared fluoride fibers are mostly applied in remote spectroscopy, laser surgery and thermal imaging [4].

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A review of fluoride fibres for optical amplification

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Processing of transparent glass-ceramics by nanocrystallisation of LaF3

Processing of transparent glass-ceramics by nanocrystallisation of LaF3

Fluoride glass planar waveguides for active applications

Physical properties of multicomponent fluoride glasses for photonic and superionic applications

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