A Review of Fire Interactions and Mass Fires

Finney, Mark A.; McAllister, Sara

doi:10.1155/2011/548328

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Fires proximate to each other tend to spread together, which increases the fuel consumption rate, heat release, and flame height [ Finney and McAllister , ]. Fires originating from many ignition points often become unusually intense [ Finney and McAllister , ]; they generate strong local winds, which may inhibit fire spread ( e . g ., Eden , ; Glasstone and Dolan , ).…”

Section: Computer Modeling Of the Ir Heat Pulsementioning

confidence: 70%

K‐Pg extinction: Reevaluation of the heat‐fire hypothesis

et al. 2013

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[1] The global debris layer created by the end-Cretaceous impact at Chicxulub contained enough soot to indicate that the entire terrestrial biosphere had burned. Preliminary modeling showed that the reentry of ejecta would have caused a global infrared (IR) pulse sufficient to ignite global fires within a few hours of the Chicxulub impact. This heat pulse and subsequent fires explain the terrestrial survival patterns in the earliest Paleocene, because all the surviving species were plausibly able to take shelter from heat and fire underground or in water. However, new models of the global IR heat pulse as well as the absence of charcoal and the presence of noncharred organic matter have been said to be inconsistent with the idea of global fires that could have caused the extinctions. It was suggested that the soot in the debris layer originated from the impact site itself because the morphology of the soot, the chain length of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the presence of carbon cenospheres were said to be inconsistent with burning the terrestrial biosphere. These assertions either are incorrect or have alternate explanations that are consistent with global firestorms. We show that the apparent charcoal depletion in the Cretaceous-Paleogene layer has been misinterpreted due to the failure to correct properly for sediment deposition rates. We also show that the mass of soot potentially released from the impact site is far too low to supply the observed soot. However, global firestorms are consistent with both data and physical modeling.

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Section: Computer Modeling Of the Ir Heat Pulsementioning

confidence: 70%

K‐Pg extinction: Reevaluation of the heat‐fire hypothesis

et al. 2013

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“…This and the entrainment concepts in Finney and McAllister (2011) support the connection between the fire and the pyroCb.…”

Section: Fire Channelling Clarke Head 22 Novembermentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This establishes a compelling spatial and temporal connection between the intense lateral spread associated with fire channelling and the violent pyroconvective activity detected by the radar. As stated by Finney and McAllister (2011), a large fire source will produce a plume which experiences less entrainment and is thus able to reach greater heights. This is consistent with the GV-N situation.…”

Section: Fire Channelling Banks Ridge 22 Novembermentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking local wildfire dynamics to pyroCb development

McRae¹,

Sharples

Fromm

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Although wind speed was different in event C than in events A and B, the differences in the ROS between "events A and C" and "event B" seem to be due to differences in CBD (Table 4). Wind speed was moderate (5.9 km/h), but a mass fire (Finney & McAllister, 2016) was observed, generating an increase in local wind speed (14 km/h) detected by the meteorological station closest to the crown fire event C (Table 4). The signal recorded by the thermocouples located in the tree crowns (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of crown fire initiation and spread models in Mediterranean conifer forests by using data from field and laboratory experiments

et al. 2017

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Aim of study: To conduct the first full-scale crown fire experiment carried out in a Mediterranean conifer stand in Spain; to use different data sources to assess crown fire initiation and spread models, and to evaluate the role of convection in crown fire initiation.Area of study: The Sierra Morena mountains (Coordinates ETRS89 30N: X: 284793-285038; Y: 4218650-4218766), southern Spain, and the outdoor facilities of the Lourizán Forest Research Centre, northwestern Spain. Material and methods:The full-scale crown fire experiment was conducted in a young Pinus pinea stand. Field data were compared with data predicted using the most used crown fire spread models. A small-scale experiment was developed with Pinus pinaster trees to evaluate the role of convection in crown fire initiation. Mass loss calorimeter tests were conducted with P. pinea needles to estimate residence time of the flame, which was used to validate the crown fire spread model.Main results: The commonly used crown fire models underestimated the crown fire spread rate observed in the full-scale experiment, but the proposed new integrated approach yielded better fits. Without wind-forced convection, tree crowns did not ignite until flames from an intense surface fire contacted tree foliage. Bench-scale tests based on radiation heat flux therefore offer a limited insight to full-scale phenomena.Research highlights: Existing crown fire behaviour models may underestimate the rate of spread of crown fires in many Mediterranean ecosystems. New bench-scale methods based on flame buoyancy and more crown field experiments allowing detailed measurements of fire behaviour are needed.

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A Review of Fire Interactions and Mass Fires

Cited by 77 publications

References 103 publications

K‐Pg extinction: Reevaluation of the heat‐fire hypothesis

K‐Pg extinction: Reevaluation of the heat‐fire hypothesis

Linking local wildfire dynamics to pyroCb development

Assessment of crown fire initiation and spread models in Mediterranean conifer forests by using data from field and laboratory experiments

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