A Review of Fibraurea tinctoria and Its Component, Berberine, as an Antidiabetic and Antioxidant

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia caused by resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon production. Numerous studies have linked diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. People with diabetes usually exhibit high oxidative stress due to persistent and chronic hyperglycemia, which impairs the activity of the antioxidant defense system and promotes the formation of free radicals. Recently, several studies have focused on exploring natural antioxidants to improve diabetes mellitus. Fibraurea tinctoria has long been known as the native Borneo used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Taxonomically, this plant is part of the Menispermaceae family, widely known for producing various alkaloids. Among them are protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with many pharmacological activities. Berberine is receiving considerable interest because of its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, which are based on many biochemical pathways. Therefore, this review explores the pharmacological effects of Fibraurea tinctoria and its active constituent, berberine, against oxidative stress and diabetes, emphasizing its mechanistic aspects. This review also summarizes the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of berberine and in silico studies of berberine in several diseases and its protein targets.

Exploring antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase of Elaeocarpus braceanus fruits: insights into mechanisms by molecular docking and molecular dynamics

“…As a consequence, pharmaceutical research is increasingly focused on the discovery of novel antidiabetic drugs derived from natural sources. In addition, natural products exhibit a synergistic effect with anti‐diabetic drugs, thereby enabling the reduction of drug doses and dosing frequency (Purwaningsih et al ., 2023), as demonstrated for piperine alkaloid and metformin (Alam et al ., 2018). Therefore, this approach can effectively mitigate side effects while improving efficacy.…”

“…Diabetes is a physiological disorder caused by insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or excessive glucagon production (Bursal et al ., 2019; Beydag‐Tasoez et al ., 2023; Karagecili et al ., 2023). This disease is a chronic condition that has yielded significant negative effects on human health (Purwaningsih et al ., 2023). It has been reported that the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has quadrupled over the past three decades and approximately one in 11 adults being suffering this disease (Fujihara & Sone, 2023).…”

“…Chronic or persistent diabetes can have multiple negative effects on the body, such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy (Tomic et al ., 2022; Beydag‐Tasoez et al ., 2023). In addition, chronic or persistent diabetes can also induce severe oxidative stress damages to blood vessels, ultimately leading to other diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and nephropathy (Zhang et al ., 2022; Purwaningsih et al ., 2023). Although certain clinical drugs can alleviate oxidative these stress damages during diabetes treatment (Tamasawa et al ., 2015; Koniari et al ., 2022), these drugs also cause some side effects, such as diarrhoea, anorexia, and nausea.…”

“…Although certain clinical drugs can alleviate oxidative these stress damages during diabetes treatment (Tamasawa et al ., 2015; Koniari et al ., 2022), these drugs also cause some side effects, such as diarrhoea, anorexia, and nausea. (Purwaningsih et al ., 2023).…”

Dispersive solid‐phase extraction of alkaloids and polyphenols using borate hypercrosslinked polymers

“…The bioactive compounds distributed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and other parts of the herbal plants are the main components with pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidation, and anti‐cancer [1]. Protoberberine alkaloids are quaternary ammonium compounds that are found in the root, rhizome, and stem bark of plants like Coptis chinensis, phellodendron, and tree turmeric [2]. Polyphenols, such as catechin and epicatechin, are another kind of active ingredient that is present in a variety of herb medicine and plant‐related products [3].…”