A Review of Fabrication Technologies for Carbon Electrode-Based Micro-Supercapacitors

Abstract

The very fast evolution in wearable electronics drives the need for energy storage micro-devices, which have to be flexible. Micro-supercapacitors are of high interest because of their high power density, long cycle lifetime and fast charge and discharge. Recent developments on micro-supercapacitors focus on improving the energy density, overall electrochemical performance, and mechanical properties. In this review, the different types of micro-supercapacitors and configurations are briefly introduced. Then, the advances in carbon electrode materials are presented, including activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, onion-like carbon, and carbide-derived carbon. The different types of electrolytes used in studies on micro-supercapacitors are also treated, including aqueous, organic, ionic liquid, solid-state, and quasi-solid-state electrolytes. Furthermore, the latest developments in fabrication techniques for micro-supercapacitors, such as different deposition, coating, etching, and printing technologies, are discussed in this review on carbon electrode-based micro-supercapacitors.

Mechanochemical Pretreated Mn+1AXn (MAX) Phase to Synthesize 2D-Ti3C2Tx MXene Sheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…The Ragone plot (Figure 7f) shows the highest energy densities of 138.3 and 111 Wh kg −1 at power densities of 1500 and 15,000 W kg −1 , respectively, compared to symmetrical supercapacitors due to the effect of both the EDLC and pseudocapacitance characteristics [88,[94][95][96]. This result shows the superiority of Ti 3 C 2 as a symmetric supercapacitor electrode material [97]. The MXene coin cell SC electrode's cyclic stability (Figure S2) was examined for 6000 charge-discharge cycles at a constant current density of 5 A g −1 , and very impressive capacity retention of 90% was recorded, which is extremely encouraging for their long-term durable use.…”

Water Quality Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors Technological Barriers and Late Research Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis

“…It involves the chemical decomposition of gaseous or volatile carbons compounds over metallic nanoparticles, which serve as catalytic as well as nucleation sites for the initial growth of CNTs. Due to the versatility of this technique, which implies an energy source, a large number of recipes for synthesizing different CNTs have been reported [47][48][49][50]. Because there is no infallible method of synthesizing CNTs, during the years of intensive usage of this method, several parameters that can affect the quality of CNTs have been identified, such as temperature, the catalyst purity, and nature of hydrocarbons [51].…”

Scalable slot-die coated flexible supercapacitors from upcycled PET face shields

“…Each electrode is made up of an electroactive material that is either directly coated onto a current collector or is bonded via an electrically conductive adhesive layer. 21,22 At the laboratory scale, researchers mostly focus on small-area devices, and large area supercapacitors with carbon electrodes are currently difficult to produce because the performance typically degrades signicantly as the surface area is increased. Among the coating technologies, processes such as spray coating, [23][24][25] electrospinning, 26 3D printing, 27,28 gravure printing, 29,30 doctor-blading, 31,32 and slot-die coating 33 etc., have been explored to coat supercapacitor electrodes.…”