A review of environmental occurrence, toxicity, biotransformation and biomonitoring of volatile organic compounds

Li, Adela Jing; Pal, Vineet Kumar; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

doi:10.1016/j.enceco.2021.01.001

Cited by 159 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…The urinary levels for 3-HPMA, BMA, and PMA ( Figure 2 and Table S3 ) were in the same range as those found in the general population [ 26 ], and probably not affected by any of the exposure scenarios (with the exception of 4-MHA). Similar urinary concentrations were reported by other researchers:…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…3-HMPA was measured in concentrations (median levels) of 759 ng/mL in gasoline station workers and 670 ng/mL in the control group [ 27 ]; in average concentrations of 1546 ± 1643 ng/mL (smokers) and 406 ± 487 ng/mL (non-smokers) [ 28 ]; and in concentrations (median values) of 1686 ng/mL in women from Cape Town [ 29 ]. Acrolein is formed by combustion of petroleum fuels and biodiesel, but it is also present in cigarette smoke and cooked food [ 26 , 30 ]. Acrolein can additionally be generated endogenously during lipid peroxidation and inflammation [ 30 ], which makes it difficult to use 3-HPMA as specific exposure biomarker.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Krais

Essig

Gren

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) is a renewable diesel fuel used to replace petroleum diesel. The organic compounds in HVO are poorly characterized; therefore, toxicological properties could be different from petroleum diesel exhaust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure and effective biomarkers in 18 individuals after short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust and petroleum diesel exhaust fumes. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze urinary biomarkers. A proximity extension assay was used for the measurement of inflammatory proteins in plasma samples. Short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust (PM1 ~1 µg/m3 and ~90 µg/m3 for vehicles with and without exhaust aftertreatment systems, respectively) did not increase any exposure biomarker, whereas petroleum diesel exhaust (PM1 ~300 µg/m3) increased urinary 4-MHA, a biomarker for p-xylene. HVO exhaust from the vehicle without exhaust aftertreatment system increased urinary 4-HNE-MA, a biomarker for lipid peroxidation, from 64 ng/mL urine (before exposure) to 141 ng/mL (24 h after exposure, p < 0.001). There was no differential expression of plasma inflammatory proteins between the HVO exhaust and control exposure group. In conclusion, short-term exposure to low concentrations of HVO exhaust did not increase urinary exposure biomarkers, but caused a slight increase in lipid peroxidation associated with the particle fraction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Krais

Essig

Gren

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…VOCs are extensively released from fuels, paints, spray, solvents, deodorants, combustion exhausts, etc. [ 11 ]. They are released into the environment during their production, storage, handling, and use and can infiltrate surface water, soil, and sediments through various physical and chemical processes from many sources [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Distribution and Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Surface Water, Sediment, and Soil in a Chemical Industrial Park and Adjacent Area

Lei

Sun

Zhu³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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The occurrences, distributions, and risks of 55 target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water, sediment, sludge, and soil samples taken from a chemical industrial park and the adjacent area were investigated in this study. The Σ55-VOCs concentrations in the water, sediment, sludge, and soil samples were 1.22–5449.21 μg L−1, ND–52.20 ng g−1, 21.53 ng g−1, and ND–11.58 ng g−1, respectively. The main products in this park are medicines, pesticides, and novel materials. As for the species of VOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons were the dominant VOCs in the soil samples, whereas halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons were the dominant VOCs in the water samples. The VOCs concentrations in water samples collected at different locations varied by 1–3 orders of magnitude, and the average concentration in river water inside the park was obviously higher than that in river water outside the park. However, the risk quotients for most of the VOCs indicated a low risk to the relevant, sensitive aquatic organisms in the river water. The average VOCs concentration in soil from the park was slightly higher than that from the adjacent area. This result showed that the chemical industrial park had a limited impact on the surrounding soil, while the use of pesticides, incomplete combustion of coal and biomass, and automobile exhaust emissions are all potential sources of the VOCs in the environmental soil. The results of this study could be used to evaluate the effects of VOCs emitted from chemical production and transportation in the park on the surrounding environment.

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“…12 Outdoor VOC exposures can originate from vehicle emissions, industrial facilities, landfills and hazardous waste sites, while indoor exposure can originate from diverse sources, such as paints, cleaning agents, personal care products, and solvents. 13 Our analysis of the secular trends of VOC exposures in the US suggests that even though there was a decline in the ambient air VOC levels, individual-level exposure increased from 2005-2014. 14 Hence, there is urgent need to assess the health impacts of VOC exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…High concentrations of VOCs such as alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aldehydes, are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and although biogenic VOCs are more abundant worldwide, in urban areas, anthropogenic VOCs are often higher (Atkinson and Arey, 2003). Outdoor VOC exposures can originate from vehicle emissions, industrial facilities, landfills and hazardous waste sites, while indoor exposure can originate from diverse sources, such as paints, cleaning agents, personal care products, and solvents (Li et al, 2021). Our analysis of the secular trends of VOC exposures in the US suggests that even though there was a decline in the ambient air VOC levels, individual-level exposure increased from (Konkle et al, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds is Associated with Endothelial Injury

Riggs

Malovichko

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are airborne toxicants abundant in outdoor and indoor air. High levels of VOCs are also present at various Superfund and other hazardous waste sites; however, little is known about the cardiovascular effects of VOCs. We hypothesized that ambient exposure to VOCs exacerbate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by depleting circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). Approach and Results: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 375 non-smokers with low-to-high CVD risk and measured 15 subpopulations of CACs by flow cytometry and 16 urinary metabolites of 12 VOCs by LC/MS/MS. Associations between CAC and VOC metabolite levels were examined using generalized linear models. Our data show that VOC exposure varied by sex, age, and race. In single pollutant models, metabolites of xylene, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene were negatively associated with CAC levels. The metabolite of acrylonitrile was negatively associated with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+/AC133+ cells and CD45+/CD146+/AC133+, and the toluene metabolite with AC133+ cells. Multipollutant models showed a negative association with metabolites of ethylbenzene/styrene, benzene, and xylene with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, independent of other VOC metabolite levels. Cumulative VOC risk score showed a strong negative association with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, suggesting that total VOC exposure has a cumulative effect on pro-angiogenic cells. Dose-response relationship showed an increase in CAC levels at low, but depletion at higher levels of VOC exposure. Sex and race, hypertension, and diabetes significantly modified VOC associated CAC depletion. Conclusion: Low-level ambient exposure to VOCs is associated with CAC depletion, which could compromise endothelial repair and angiogenesis, and exacerbate CVD risk.

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A review of environmental occurrence, toxicity, biotransformation and biomonitoring of volatile organic compounds

Cited by 159 publications

References 194 publications

Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Biomarkers after Controlled Inhalation Exposure to Exhaust from Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO)

Investigation on Distribution and Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Surface Water, Sediment, and Soil in a Chemical Industrial Park and Adjacent Area

Environmental Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds is Associated with Endothelial Injury

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