A review of energy storage technologies for large scale photovoltaic power plants

Bullich‐Massagué, Eduard; Cifuentes-Garcia, Francisco; Glenny-Crende, Ignacio; Cheah-Mañé, Marc; Aragüés‐Peñalba, Mònica; Díaz‐González, Francisco; Gomis‐Bellmunt, Oriol

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115213

Cited by 121 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Battery power limitations during the charge phase : 0 ≤ P ch (t) ≤ P ch−max (30) Battery power limitations during the discharge phase : 0 ≤ P dis (t) ≤ P dis−max (31) Battery energy limitations : 0 ≤ SoC j j (t)(t) j j (t) max min (32)…”

Section: Mathematical Formulation Of the Sapv Daily Operation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic Optimization Analysis of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Power System for a Shoreline Electrode Station of HVDC Link: Case Study of an Electrode Station on the Small Island of Stachtoroi for the Attica–Crete Interconnection

et al. 2020

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A lot of autonomous power systems have been designed and operated with different power levels and with special requirements for climatic conditions, availability, operation/maintenance cost, fuel consumption, environmental impacts, etc. In this paper a novel design of an autonomous power system with photovoltaic panels and electrochemical batteries for a shoreline electrode station is analyzed. This station will be constructed on the small island of Stachtoroi for the new high voltage direct current (HVDC) link of Attica–Crete in Greece. The general guidelines of the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) and of the International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) for the power system of lighting and auxiliary loads for these HVDC stations are supplied from the medium voltage or the low voltage distribution network, whereas they do not take into account the criticality of this interconnection, which will practically be the unique power facility of Crete island. The significance of Crete power system interconnection demands an increased reliability level for the power sources, similar to military installations and hospital surgeries. In this research a basic electrical installation design methodology is presented. First, the autonomous photovoltaic power system with the energy storage system (ESS) consisting of electrochemical batteries is preliminary designed according to the relative bibliography. The station power and energy consumption are analytically determined taking into consideration the daily temperature variation annually. Afterwards, a techno-economic optimization process based on a sensitivity analysis is formed modifying the size/power of photovoltaic panels (PVs), the type and the energy capacity of the batteries taking into consideration the operation cycle of PVs—batteries charge and discharge and the battery ageing based on the relationship between battery cycles—the depth of discharge, the daily solar variation per month, the installation cost of PVs and batteries, the respective maintenance cost, etc., while the reliability criteria of expected loss of load power and of load energy are satisfied. Using the proposed methodology the respective results are significantly improved in comparison with the preliminary autonomous power system design or the connection with the distribution power system.

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Section: Mathematical Formulation Of the Sapv Daily Operation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In any case the separating limits between the methods are not always clear, as a great number of methods, indicators, constraints, and data are involved [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Additional methods for off-grid hybrid power systems [27][28][29][30] and for energy storage systems [31,32] can be also found in the literature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Optimization Analysis of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Power System for a Shoreline Electrode Station of HVDC Link: Case Study of an Electrode Station on the Small Island of Stachtoroi for the Attica–Crete Interconnection

et al. 2020

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“…The importance of energy storages in an electricity system with a high share of renewable energy sources is well known. In general, energy storages offer the possibility to balance the fluctuating electricity production from distributed renewable sources (DRES), like wind power [1] and photovoltaic plants [2], with the electricity demand in grid-scale applications [3]. DRES heavily implemented in distribution networks can cause voltage rises, current congestion and even reverse power flows in the network, while on other side massive implementation of heat pumps and electric vehicles represent increased electricity demand that can lead to overloading of network and undervoltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Stationary Battery Installations in Two Renewable Energy Projects

et al. 2021

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The goal to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is spurring interest in renewable energy systems from time-varying sources (e.g., photovoltaics, wind) and these can require batteries to help load balancing. However, the batteries themselves add additional GHG emissions to the electricity system in all its life cycle phases. This article begins by investigating the GHG emissions for the manufacturing of two stationary lithium-ion batteries, comparing production in Europe, US and China. Next, we analyze how the installation and operation of these batteries change the GHG emissions of the electricity supply in two pilot sites. Life cycle assessment is used for GHG emissions calculation. The regional comparison on GHG emissions of battery manufacturing shows that primary aluminum, cathode paste and battery cell production are the principal components of the GHG emissions of battery manufacturing. Regional variations are linked mainly to high grid electricity demand and regional changes in the electricity mixes, resulting in base values of 77 kg CO2-eq/kWh to 153 kg CO2-eq/kWh battery capacity. The assessment of two pilot sites shows that the implementation of batteries can lead to GHG emission savings of up to 77%, if their operation enables an increase in renewable energy sources in the electricity system.

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“…A DC-coupled system can recover this otherwise clipped PV energy and enable even higher ILRs, thus potentially reducing levelized system costs. Detailed discussion of the components of a PV-BES systems is provided by (Bullich-Massagué et al 2020;Wang, Ciobotaru, and Agelidis 2014;Hu et al 2018;Miñambres-Marcos et al 2017;Chen, Huang, and Yu 2013).…”

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Evaluating Utility-Scale PV-Battery Hybrids in an Operational Model for the Bulk Power System

Durvasulu

Murphy

Denholm

2021

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Systems that combine solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage technologies (PV-BES) are increasingly being proposed for, and deployed on, the bulk power system. The operation and value of PV-BES systems have been extensively studied from the perspective of project developers through analyses that maximize plant-level revenue. However, PV-BES hybrids' operational characteristics have seldom been studied from the perspective of bulk power system operators, who seek to optimize the performance of a suite of generation and storage assets that are connected via the transmission network.

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A review of energy storage technologies for large scale photovoltaic power plants

Cited by 121 publications

References 81 publications

Techno-Economic Optimization Analysis of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Power System for a Shoreline Electrode Station of HVDC Link: Case Study of an Electrode Station on the Small Island of Stachtoroi for the Attica–Crete Interconnection

Techno-Economic Optimization Analysis of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Power System for a Shoreline Electrode Station of HVDC Link: Case Study of an Electrode Station on the Small Island of Stachtoroi for the Attica–Crete Interconnection

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Stationary Battery Installations in Two Renewable Energy Projects

Evaluating Utility-Scale PV-Battery Hybrids in an Operational Model for the Bulk Power System

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