Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Stationary Battery Installations in Two Renewable Energy Projects

Pucker-Singer, Johanna; Aichberger, Christian; Zupančič, Jernej; Neumann, Camilla; Bird, David Neil; Jungmeier, Gerfried; Gubina, Andrej F.; Tuerk, Andreas

doi:10.3390/su13116330

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Specific emission values for lithium-ion batteries vary greatly in the literature and depend on the manufacturing location. The current values range approximately 80-250 kg CO 2 -eq/kWh [45,46], and similarly, broad ranges are present in the PV and heat storage values. Therefore, sensitivity from the life cycle emission factors was assessed by varying the emission factors of all components, as in Table 7.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Component Life Cycle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Case Study and Feasibility Analysis of Multi-Objective Life Cycle Energy System Optimization in a Nordic Campus Building

2021

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Due to the high energy consumption of buildings, there is a demand for both economically and environmentally effective designs for building energy system retrofits. While multi-objective optimization can be used to solve complicated problems, its use is not yet widespread in the industry. This study first aims to develop an efficient and applicable multi-objective building energy system optimization method, used to dimension energy production and storage retrofit components in a case campus building in Lahti, Finland. Energy consumption data of the building are obtained with a dynamic energy model. The optimization model includes economic and environmental objectives, and the approach is found to function satisfactorily. Second, this study aims to assess the feasibility and issues of multi-objective single-building energy system optimization via the analysis of the case optimization results. The results suggest that economically beneficial local energy production and storage retrofits could not always lead to life cycle CO2-eq emission reductions. The recognized causes are high life cycle emissions from the retrofit components and low Nordic grid energy emissions. The performed sensitivity and feasibility analyses show that correctness and methodological comparability of the used emission factors and future assumptions are crucial for reliable optimization results.

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Section: Feasibility Of Component Life Cycle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Case Study and Feasibility Analysis of Multi-Objective Life Cycle Energy System Optimization in a Nordic Campus Building

2021

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“…Table 5. Equivalent CO2 emissions per kWh for each source Main grid PV WT BESS kg CO2 eq/kWh 1.06 [37] 0 0 0…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intelligent energy management system for optimum design and real-time operation

Zedak¹,

Belfqih²,

Boukherouaa³

et al. 2023

IJPEDS

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<span lang="EN-US">Planning and management of distribution networks has become a very difficult task, especially with the strong expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) which are intermittent in nature. Maintaining fluidity and reliability of real-time decisions while taking into consideration uncertainties related to production and increasing the profit of distribution network operators is the objective of the system proposed in this work. It is an intelligent energy management system dedicated to the management of grid-integrated RES and battery energy storage systems (BESS), composed of: i) a real-time control and data acquisition model, ii) a model for forecasting the intermittent parameters of RES based on neural networks, iii) a long-term planning model based on the optimal placement and size of RES and BESS, and iv) an hourly planning model for scheduling the energy distribution between energy sources. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and the entropy-TOPSIS method (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution) form the basic block of this model. To evaluate it, a modified IEEE 33 bus network was used for testing and the results, for short-term scheduling, proved that the system succeeds in maximizing profits and significantly minimizing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, in addition to power losses and voltage drops.</span>

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“…Assuming that a future official PED definition will include a net-zero emission balance, an allowable limit of GHG emissions per unit of generated/consumed thermal/electrical energy will also gain importance in technology choice. Pucker et al [26], for example, showed that storage solutions to increase the self-sufficiency in decentralized renewable energy systems not always reduce GHG emissions due to embodied emissions, but also due to direct emissions caused by the energy needed to produce and operate the devices as well as the related losses. Thus, renewable energy sources and technology portfolios have to be selected based on a number of factors: local climate, market and regulatory conditions (e.g., on energy transactions), the ability for multi-use applications, the onsite building characteristics in order to match building load profiles and renewable energy sources and, finally, direct and indirect GHG emissions.…”

Section: Technology Outlook For Pebs and Peds In The Energy Community Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Plus Energy Buildings and Districts with the EU Energy Community Framework: Regulatory Opportunities, Barriers and Technological Solutions

et al. 2021

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The aim of this paper is to assess opportunities the Clean Energy Package provides for Plus Energy Buildings (PEBs) and Plus Energy Districts (PEDs) regarding their economic optimization and market integration, possibly leading to new use cases and revenue streams. At the same time, insights into regulatory limitations at the national level in transposing the set of EU Clean Energy Package provisions are shown. The paper illustrates that the concepts of PEBs and PEDs are in principle compatible with the EU energy community concepts, as they relate to technical characteristics while energy communities provide a legal and regulatory framework for the organization and governance of a community, at the same time providing new regulatory space for specific activities and market integration. To realize new use cases, innovative ICT approaches are needed for a range of actors actively involved in creating and operating energy communities as presented in the paper. The paper discusses a range of different options to realize PEBs and PEDs as energy communities based on the H2020 EXCESS project. It concludes, however, that currently the transposition of the Clean Energy Package by the EU Member States is incomplete and limiting and as a consequence, in the short term, the full potential of PEBs and PEDs cannot be exploited.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Stationary Battery Installations in Two Renewable Energy Projects

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Case Study and Feasibility Analysis of Multi-Objective Life Cycle Energy System Optimization in a Nordic Campus Building

Case Study and Feasibility Analysis of Multi-Objective Life Cycle Energy System Optimization in a Nordic Campus Building

An intelligent energy management system for optimum design and real-time operation

Integrating Plus Energy Buildings and Districts with the EU Energy Community Framework: Regulatory Opportunities, Barriers and Technological Solutions

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