A Review of Current Research Trends in Power-Electronic Innovations in Cyber–Physical Systems

Mazumder, Sudip K.; Kulkarni, Abhijit; Sahoo, Subham; Blaabjerg, Frede; Mantooth, H. Alan; Balda, Juan Carlos; Zhao, Yue; Ramos-Ruiz, Jorge; Enjeti, P.N.; Xie, Le; Enslin, J.H.R.; Ozpineci, Burak; Annaswamy, Anuradha M.; Ginn, Herbert L.; Qiu, Feng; Liu, Jianzhe; Smida, Besma; Ogilvie, Colin; Ospina, Juan; Konstantinou, Charalambos; Stanovich, Mark; Schoder, Karl; Steurer, M.; Vu, Tuyen; He, Lina; Fuente, Eduardo Pilo De La

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2021.3051876

Cited by 61 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…All of these parts command, together, the physical layer to ensure that the energy is effectively delivered to the load. Howbeit, both the communication and the concentration of data in the controllers make the system vulnerable to cyberattacks [14].…”

Section: Problem Description and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel control solutions for DoS attack delay mitigation in grid-connected and standalone inverters

Greidanus

Sahoo

Mazumder

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)

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This paper introduces two novel control solutions, which allow localised delay compensation for grid-connected and standalone inverters. As the prediction horizon of the existing controllers are quite small as compared to large communication delays and information unavailability due to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, the proposed strategy offers a robust delay mitigation range using localized dynamics. Its design philosophy is leveraged via a prediction policy using the inner control loop dynamics. Based on different control objectives in gridconnected and standalone mode, the proposed solutions have been augmented into the control system accordingly. Finally, its robustness under various communication delay and DoS attacks have been tested.

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Section: Problem Description and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel control solutions for DoS attack delay mitigation in grid-connected and standalone inverters

Greidanus

Sahoo

Mazumder

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG)

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“…Due to their benefits, FPGA-based systems have been extensively used in FTRT implementations [2], [7], [11], [24]. For instance, an integrated AC/DC grid simulation is performed on a parallel FPGA-based architecture in [2].…”

Section: B Ftrt Simulation Framework and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster than Real-Time Simulation: Methods, Tools, and Applications

Liu,

Ospina,

Zografopoulos

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Real-time simulation enables the understanding of system operating conditions by evaluating simulation models of physical components running synchronized at the real-time wall clock. Leveraging the real-time measurements of comprehensive system models, faster than real-time (FTRT) simulation allows the evaluation of system architectures at speeds faster than realtime. FTRT simulation can assist in predicting the system's behavior efficiently, thus assisting the operation of system processes. Namely, the provided acceleration can be used for improving system scheduling, assessing system vulnerabilities, and predicting system disruptions in real-time systems. The acceleration of simulation times can be achieved by utilizing digital realtime simulators (RTS) and high-performance computing (HPC) architectures. FTRT simulation has been widely used, among others, for the operation, design, and investigation of power system events, building emergency management plans, wildfire prediction, etc. In this paper, we review the existing literature on FTRT simulation and its applications in different disciplines, with a particular focus on power systems. We present existing system modeling approaches, simulation tools and computing frameworks, and stress the importance of FTRT accuracy.

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“…This layer receives data from the sensor layers and decides on a control action to be executed, which is carried through the communication infrastructure if necessary [15]. The utilized communication networks may expose MG components (i.e., communication links, the LC, SC and MC) to potential cyber attacks [16]. Similarly, physical security boundaries can also be violated by physical breaches affecting all layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Assessment of Cyber Risks and Attack Surfaces in a Real-Time Co-Simulation Cybersecurity Testbed for Inverter-Based Microgrids

et al. 2021

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The integration of variable distributed generations (DGs) and loads in microgrids (MGs) has made the reliance on communication systems inevitable for information exchange in both control and protection architectures to enhance the overall system reliability, resiliency and sustainability. This communication backbone in turn also exposes MGs to potential malicious cyber attacks. To study these vulnerabilities and impacts of various cyber attacks, testbeds play a crucial role in managing their complexity. This research work presents a detailed study of the development of a real-time co-simulation testbed for inverter-based MGs. It consists of a OP5700 real-time simulator, which is used to emulate both the physical and cyber layer of an AC MG in real time through HYPERSIM software; and SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC) hardware configured with ACSELERATOR RTAC SEL-5033 software. A human–machine interface (HMI) is used for local/remote monitoring and control. The creation and management of HMI is carried out in ACSELERATOR Diagram Builder SEL-5035 software. Furthermore, communication protocols such as Modbus, sampled measured values (SMVs), generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) and distributed network protocol 3 (DNP3) on an Ethernet-based interface were established, which map the interaction among the corresponding nodes of cyber-physical layers and also synchronizes data transmission between the systems. The testbed not only provides a real-time co-simulation environment for the validation of the control and protection algorithms but also extends to the verification of various detection and mitigation algorithms. Moreover, an attack scenario is also presented to demonstrate the ability of the testbed. Finally, challenges and future research directions are recognized and discussed.

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A Review of Current Research Trends in Power-Electronic Innovations in Cyber–Physical Systems

Cited by 61 publications

References 103 publications

Novel control solutions for DoS attack delay mitigation in grid-connected and standalone inverters

Novel control solutions for DoS attack delay mitigation in grid-connected and standalone inverters

Faster than Real-Time Simulation: Methods, Tools, and Applications

On the Assessment of Cyber Risks and Attack Surfaces in a Real-Time Co-Simulation Cybersecurity Testbed for Inverter-Based Microgrids

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